BIOL 252 Exam 2 (100% correct and graded A+)

chondrocytes - found in healthy cartilage; make up the matrix; facilitate the exchange of fluids through gelatinous layers; not capable of cell division tension - stretching of the muscle that are resisted by collagen fibers; aka pulling forces compression - pushing the bones toward the middle, resisted by cartilage torsion - twisting stress put on bones; collagen fibers provide resistance to it as a unit diaphysis - middle part or shaft of a bone epiphysis - head or end of a bone epiphyseal plate/line - dividing line between the diaphysis and the epiphysis marrow cavity - contained in the diaphysis; comprised of bone marrow periosteum - a layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the surface of a bone; outermost layer endosteum - within the bone facing the cavity; later of fibrous connective tissue that covers the bone marrow osteon - individual component of compact bone; consists of a central canal surrounded by concentric cylindrical layers of matrix called lamelaeosteoblast - make and secrete almost all ECM; line the periosteum and endosteum layers;boneforming cell that arises from an osteogenic cell, deposits bone matrix, and eventually becomes an osteocyte osteoclast - macrophage of the bone surface that dissolves the matrix and returns minerals to the extracellular fluid osteocyte - a mature bone cell formed when an osteoblast becomes surrounded by its own matrix and entrapped din a lacuna; responsible for the maintenance of the bone matrix; can't divide any more; have arm-structures that allow them to communicate to each other via signaling molecules articular cartilage - surrounds the epiphysis of the bone to prevent friction between two bones lying close together and growth in that region endochondral ossification - process during fetal development in which bone tissue is created for bones including the vertebrae, ribs, scapulae, pelvic bones, bones of the limbs and some parts of the skull; mesenchyme firsts transforms into a hyaline cartilage "model" in the approximate shape of the bone to come calcification - accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue; critical for bone hardening, but can occur abnormally in other tissues