TEST BANK FOR ETHICS AND ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY NURSING 3RD CANADIAN EDITION BURKHARDT | VERIFIED

Chapter 1 – Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces Influencing the Development of Nursing Multiple Choice 1. For which of the following is empathy a motive? a. meeting the needs of others b. moral reasoning and action c. becoming a nurse d. determining right from wrong ANSWER: b 2. Which of the following is an example of social need as an ethical foundation for nursing? a. Nurses must determine the health and social needs of society. b. Nursing finds its origin, purpose, and meaning within the context of perceived social need. c. Theories of social need in sociology are utilized by nursing scholars, many of whom view them as conceptual frameworks for nursing practice. d. Social need determines the boundaries of the ethical principles of distributive justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. ANSWER: b 3. What is the most critical factor that influences nursing practice? a. the traditional role of healers b. the role of women in society c. the religious and spiritual aspects of health care d. the introduction of male nurses into the profession ANSWER: b 4. Why does the social status of women affect the status of the nursing profession? a. Nursing has traditionally been a profession of women. b. Throughout history, nurses have been afforded higher social status. c. Women of higher social status rarely become nurses. d. Women are more skilled than men at nurturing others. ANSWER: a 5. What historical influences affected nursing as a moral discipline? a. technology b. society c. spirituality d. oppression ANSWER: c 6. What is the term that relates to knowledge gained through observation and experience? a. empirical b. Cartesian philosophy c. values d. moral thought ANSWER: a 7. Which of the following is an example of the significance of Nursing during the Middle Ages ? a. Religious nursing orders and church-sanctioned secular nursing orders offered the only legitimate avenues for women wishing to become nurses. b. Increasing respect was given to nursing and midwifery, as nurses began to practise autonomously. c. Healing arts in Denmark and Greece were performed in sacred ceremonies by priests, priestesses, or shamans. d. Most nurses were women of high social status seeking ways to legitimize their position and status. ANSWER: a 8. What does the term empirical relate to? a. serving God and thy neighbour the best way one can b. knowledge gained through observation and experience c. healing through religious intervention, chanting, and praying d. the enforcement of religious doctrine related to the status of women in society ANSWER: b 9. When was the “Dark Period of Nursing,” when convalescent patients, prostitutes, prisoners, and drunkards provided hospital nursing care? a. during the Reformation b. during the Crusades c. during the Middle Ages d. during the early Christian era ANSWER: a 10. Which of the following had the greatest influence on nursing traditions in Canada? a. Britain b. indigenous persons c. France d. Germany ANSWER: c 11. Which of the following had the greatest influence on establishing the first hospital in the New World? a. Marie Rollet Hebert b. Marguerite d’Youville c. Jeanne Mance d. Renee Descartes ANSWER: c 12. After the First and Second World Wars, the Canadian Red Cross Society and nursing groups noted an important trend in health care that is still articulated in the Lalonde and Romanow report. What is that trend? a. the formation of nursing groups such as the CNA and professional organizations b. the political and economic action taken to correct the wrongs suffered by the military c. the establishment of governments’ social and political responsibility in health care d. the need for strong, well-established public health programs, health education, and care of those living in poverty ANSWER: d 13. Which of the following is an example of the CNA’s vision for the future of nursing? a. Nurses must play varied roles in order to provide holistic care to a diverse and changing population. b. Nursing professional organizations in both Canada and the United States need to join together. c. An increasing appreciation for the role of public health nursing leads to improving the status of nursing. d. There will be further development of the relationship between social need and the evolution of the practice of nursing. ANSWER: a 14. Which of the following statements best describes Florence Nightingale? a. She believed in traditional expectations for women. b. She was a nurse and increased soldiers’ mortality rates. c. She believed in nurses restricting their careers. d. She was a social reformer and statistician. ANSWER: d 15. How is Mary Agnes Snively significant to the development of Canadian nursing? a. She established the mission of Grey Nuns to new settlers. b. She established the International Council of Nursing. c. She established the first national organization for nursing. d. She established certification for nurses to become experts. ANSWER: c 16. Which of the following concepts can be attributed to Florence Nightingale? a. that caring for the body would bring healing to the mind and spirit b. that separating clean and dirty conditions was important for patient healing c. that nurses must embrace the traditional nurturing expectations of women d. that it was necessary to separate caring from curing in nursing practice ANSWER: b Chapter 2: Ethical Theory MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Ethics is: a. a formal process of making illogical and consistent decisions based upon one’s beliefs. b. a formal process of making logical and random decisions based upon moral beliefs. c. a formal process of making logical and consistent decisions based upon moral beliefs. d. a formal process of making logical and consistent decisions based upon religious beliefs. ANS: C PTS: 1 2. The belief that people can figure out absolute moral rules that derive from the universe or a supreme being is the basis for which moral perspective? a. Moral belief c. Deontology b. Rationalism d. Naturalism ANS: B PTS: 1 3. The nurse maintained confidentiality regarding a patient’s terminal illness even though family members would have provided emotional and financial support to the patient had they known of the diagnosis. Adhering to this principle regardless of outcome is an example of the application of which ethical theory? a. Deontology c. Rationalism b. Naturalism d. Utilitarianism ANS: A PTS: 1 4. During a hurricane, there is no electricity in a hospital where floodwater is rapidly rising. An ICU nurse manually ventilates a patient with an ambu bag for 6 hours before she makes the difficult decision to leave her patient and help the solitary remaining nurse carry 12 newborns to safety. The nurse’s decision is most clearly supported by which of the following? a. Deontology c. Rationalism b. Virtue ethics d. Utilitarianism ANS: D PTS: 1 5. Abortion, even to save the life of the mother, would most likely be considered morally wrong by a person rigidly applying which type of moral theory? a. Deontology c. Naturalism b. Virtue ethics d. Utilitarianism ANS: A PTS: 1 6. The Kantian maxim requiring that no action be judged as right, which cannot reasonably become a law by which every person should always abide, is known as: a. the categorical imperative. c. deontology. b. the practical imperative. d. utilitarianism. ANS: A PTS: 1 7. The Kantian maxim requiring that one treat others always as ends and never as a means is known as: a. the categorical imperative. c. deontology. b. the practical imperative. d. utilitarianism. ANS: B PTS: 1 8. Aristotle developed the concept of: a. virtue ethics. c. deontology. b. utilitarianism. d. rationalism. ANS: A PTS: 1 9. attributes differences in moral codes to social conditions, while proposing that most people have underlying psychological tendencies that lead to similar moral judgments. a. Rationalism c. Virtue ethics b. Naturalism d. Deontology ANS: B PTS: 1 10. What theory is based on the rationalist view that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon the nature of the act, rather than its consequence? 11.11. 12. Who is considered to be the father of modern utilitarianism? a. Immaneul Kant c. Plato b. Jeremy Bentham d. John Stuart Mill ANS: B PTS: 1 13. A form of moral theory that embraces the uniqueness of cases, the culturally significant ethical features, and ethical judgement in each particular case is called: a. virtue ethics. c. moral particularism. b. naturalism. d. utilitarianism. ANS: C PTS: 1 MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following statements accurately describes ethics? Select all that apply. a. Ethics is concerned with the study of social morality and philosophical reflection about society’s norms and practices. b. Ethics furnishes us with the practical application of moral philosophy. c. Ethics offers structured guidelines that tell us what we ought to do. d. The study of ethics gives us a groundwork for making logical and consistent decisions. e. Professional codes of ethics are tools that offer a formal process for applying moral philosophy. ANS: A, B, D, E PTS: 1 a. Deontology b. Formalism c. Kantianism d. Act utilitarianism ANS: A PTS: 1 11T. he intense and critical examination of beliefs and assumptions is: a. theory. c. philosophy. b. ethics. d. religion. ANS: C PTS: 1 2. Beauchamp and Childress propose focal virtues that are more pivotal than others in characterizing a virtuous person. These focal virtues include (select all that apply): a. compassion. b. discernment. c. temperance. d. trustworthiness. e. integrity. f. devotion. ANS: A, B, D, E PTS: 1 Chapter 3 – Ethical Principles MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What does the principle of beneficence require the nurse to do? a. to separate personal from professional life b. to prevent harm or evil and do good c. to make moral decisions that are motivated by what will benefit the patient d. to morally regulate the conduct of others ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 59–60 BLM: Remember 2. A nurse respects a patient’s decision not to undergo any further dialysis. Which principle is this situation an example of? a. respect for persons b. justice c. beneficence d. autonomy ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 49 BLM: Higher Order 3. The nurse promises a patient that she will return in five minutes to sit and speak with him. What ethical principle does this situation exemplify? a. morals b. fidelity c. confidentiality d. justice ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 75–76 BLM: Higher Order 4. Which ethical principle implies that others are worthy of high regard? a. beneficence b. respect for autonomy c. respect for persons d. distributive justice ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 49 BLM: Remember 5. A patient requests multiple cosmetic surgeries. At a certain point, the health care team questions whether the overall harm that will result from continuing to do these procedures will outweigh the benefits. Which ethical principle is most related to this discussion about weighing harms against benefits? a. beneficence b. non-maleficence c. justice d. veracity Chapter 3 Ethical Principles ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 62–63 BLM: Higher Order Chapter 3 Ethical Principles 6. Which of the following ethical principles relates to noncompliance with care by a fully aware patient? a. beneficence b. autonomy c. fidelity d. non-maleficence ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 49–50 | p. 52 BLM: Remember 7. A nurse performs a pain assessment on a client and requests an order for an analgesic as an intervention. Which of the following ethical principles is being given a practical application in this situation? a. beneficence b. autonomy c. veracity d. non-maleficence ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 59–60 BLM: Higher Order 8. The emergency room staff decide how quickly patients will be triaged through the emergency room department. The emergency room team decides that the most critically ill patient will be treated first. Which of the following ethical principles is illustrated by the decision-making process in this case? a. respect for persons