BIOS 255 EXAM 1 2023 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ VERIFIED
name the structure and whether it contains oxygenated or deoxygenated blood -
ANSWER right atrium; deoxygenated
name the structure - ANSWER aortic semilunar valve
oxygen is carried by _______ cells. it binds to proteins called ______ that contain
iron - ANSWER erythrocytes; hemoglobin
of the formed elements, which cells are responsible for immune function, clotting,
and gas transfer-in that order? - ANSWER leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes
what are the major functions of blood? (you must name 3) - ANSWER 1) plays a
role in immune function
2) temp regulation
3) pH regulation
4) gas/nutrients/ waste transport
5) regulates water loss
a patient has a stroke volume of 70ml/beat, a heart rate of 70 beats/min, a mean
arterial pressure of 100, systolic BP of 95 and diastolic BP of 60. calculate output of
this patient - ANSWER CO=SVxHR=70ml/beat/min=4900ml/min=4.9L/min
which ions mediate the upstroke, plateau, and downstroke of a cardiac action
potential. indicate the contraction phase that correlates to these events -
ANSWER upstroke=sodium; depolarization
plateau=calcium; contraction
downstroke=potassium; relaxation
what are the three layers of the heart? - ANSWER epicardium, myocardium,
endocardium
,BIOS 255 EXAM 1 2023 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ VERIFIED
what is the fluid filled sac called that surrounds the heart? - ANSWER
pericardium
when red blood cells get broken down, the iron molecule is transferred from the
macrophage to the liver with which transfer protein? - ANSWER transferrin
Which wave indicates atrial depolarization? - ANSWER P wave
what makes up this component of whole blood? - ANSWER serum, water,
plasma proteins, nutrients, dissolved gases and electrolytes
what type of white blood cell is displayed in this image - ANSWER eosinophils
where does the breakdown of red blood cells start? - ANSWER in a
macrophage
what is the process of emigration/extravasation and what subtype of WBC's most
commonly conduct it - ANSWER WBCs leaving vessels and migrating to
external infections- neutrophils and monocytes
what classifies an individual as anemic? - ANSWER they have reduced oxygen-
carrying capacity of blood
list the physical characteristics of cardiac muscle cells - ANSWER intercalated
discs, nuclei, striations, gap junctions
what is the driver of the heart conduction system? and what happens if it fails? -
ANSWER the SA(sinoatrial node)-and if it fails the AV node takes over
when valves close, what type of wave is observed on a pressure chart? -
ANSWER the dicrotic wave
what are 3 'systems' of blood circulation that we discussed in class? - ANSWER
pulmonary system
systemic system
, BIOS 255 EXAM 1 2023 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ VERIFIED
coronary system
during ventricular systole, what is happening to the blood volume within the
ventricle? - ANSWER first, there is no change-once pressure is great enough
and the semilunar valves one, volume drops
what 3 veins empty into the right atrium - ANSWER superior vena cava, inferior
vena cava, coronary sinus
an individual has an increase in afterload, what effect would this have on MAP -
ANSWER an increase in afterload=decrease in SV=decrease in CO=decrease in
MAP
what are two unique structures the fetus heart has and not the adult heart? -
ANSWER foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? - ANSWER left ventricle
during the cardiac cycle, the heart experiences two isovolumetric states- when do
these occur? - ANSWER the beginning of ventricular systole and beginning of
ventricular diastole
during ventricular systole, what happens to the pressure within the ventricles? -
ANSWER it increases
where do heart sounds come from? - ANSWER closing of valves
where is the atrial repolarization located on an EKG - ANSWER it is masked by
the QRS complex
what chambers are contracting to cause the p-wave on an EKG - ANSWER the
left and right atria
what are the 5 structures of the cardiac conductive tissue? - ANSWER 1) SA
node
ANSWERS GRADED A+ VERIFIED
name the structure and whether it contains oxygenated or deoxygenated blood -
ANSWER right atrium; deoxygenated
name the structure - ANSWER aortic semilunar valve
oxygen is carried by _______ cells. it binds to proteins called ______ that contain
iron - ANSWER erythrocytes; hemoglobin
of the formed elements, which cells are responsible for immune function, clotting,
and gas transfer-in that order? - ANSWER leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes
what are the major functions of blood? (you must name 3) - ANSWER 1) plays a
role in immune function
2) temp regulation
3) pH regulation
4) gas/nutrients/ waste transport
5) regulates water loss
a patient has a stroke volume of 70ml/beat, a heart rate of 70 beats/min, a mean
arterial pressure of 100, systolic BP of 95 and diastolic BP of 60. calculate output of
this patient - ANSWER CO=SVxHR=70ml/beat/min=4900ml/min=4.9L/min
which ions mediate the upstroke, plateau, and downstroke of a cardiac action
potential. indicate the contraction phase that correlates to these events -
ANSWER upstroke=sodium; depolarization
plateau=calcium; contraction
downstroke=potassium; relaxation
what are the three layers of the heart? - ANSWER epicardium, myocardium,
endocardium
,BIOS 255 EXAM 1 2023 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ VERIFIED
what is the fluid filled sac called that surrounds the heart? - ANSWER
pericardium
when red blood cells get broken down, the iron molecule is transferred from the
macrophage to the liver with which transfer protein? - ANSWER transferrin
Which wave indicates atrial depolarization? - ANSWER P wave
what makes up this component of whole blood? - ANSWER serum, water,
plasma proteins, nutrients, dissolved gases and electrolytes
what type of white blood cell is displayed in this image - ANSWER eosinophils
where does the breakdown of red blood cells start? - ANSWER in a
macrophage
what is the process of emigration/extravasation and what subtype of WBC's most
commonly conduct it - ANSWER WBCs leaving vessels and migrating to
external infections- neutrophils and monocytes
what classifies an individual as anemic? - ANSWER they have reduced oxygen-
carrying capacity of blood
list the physical characteristics of cardiac muscle cells - ANSWER intercalated
discs, nuclei, striations, gap junctions
what is the driver of the heart conduction system? and what happens if it fails? -
ANSWER the SA(sinoatrial node)-and if it fails the AV node takes over
when valves close, what type of wave is observed on a pressure chart? -
ANSWER the dicrotic wave
what are 3 'systems' of blood circulation that we discussed in class? - ANSWER
pulmonary system
systemic system
, BIOS 255 EXAM 1 2023 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ VERIFIED
coronary system
during ventricular systole, what is happening to the blood volume within the
ventricle? - ANSWER first, there is no change-once pressure is great enough
and the semilunar valves one, volume drops
what 3 veins empty into the right atrium - ANSWER superior vena cava, inferior
vena cava, coronary sinus
an individual has an increase in afterload, what effect would this have on MAP -
ANSWER an increase in afterload=decrease in SV=decrease in CO=decrease in
MAP
what are two unique structures the fetus heart has and not the adult heart? -
ANSWER foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? - ANSWER left ventricle
during the cardiac cycle, the heart experiences two isovolumetric states- when do
these occur? - ANSWER the beginning of ventricular systole and beginning of
ventricular diastole
during ventricular systole, what happens to the pressure within the ventricles? -
ANSWER it increases
where do heart sounds come from? - ANSWER closing of valves
where is the atrial repolarization located on an EKG - ANSWER it is masked by
the QRS complex
what chambers are contracting to cause the p-wave on an EKG - ANSWER the
left and right atria
what are the 5 structures of the cardiac conductive tissue? - ANSWER 1) SA
node
