AC-HPAT Exam Prep 2023 with complete solution;Biology,
Chemistry, Physics, Math
Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by:
Proteins
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of:
Anaerobic Respiration
Phagocytosis is a form of:
Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate?
Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the
metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into
two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two
ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled
according to genetic instructions?
Ribosomes
What is the structural and functional unit of life?
The cell
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is cellular respiration?
A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed
as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen,
but this is less efficient.
What is anaerobic respiration?
A form of cellular respiration that does not involve oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration?
Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the
cell membrane:
Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotes often reproduce by:
Binary Fission
What is binary fission?
A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into two identical halves.
What is cytokinesis?
The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which occurs during the
telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell?
A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell?
A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
, What is chromatin?
The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed, consisting of mostly
proteins, DNA, and RNA.
What is a centriole?
a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in
the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
What is a chromosome?
A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA
and protein.
What is DNA?
A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining
the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material of most living
organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
What is RNA?
A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis. It is responsible
for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell
where the information is translated into protein composition.
What is a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers
made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either
ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-
containing base.
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a
new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex initiates transcription, and
the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the
original DNA strand.
What is translation?
Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information
contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure
called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by
engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes
the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents
to the outside of the cell
What is a chromotid?
each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally
during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
What is an allele?
An alternative version of a gene; one from each parent.
What is a phenotype?
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
What is a genotype?
An organism's genetic makeup.
Chemistry, Physics, Math
Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by:
Proteins
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of:
Anaerobic Respiration
Phagocytosis is a form of:
Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate?
Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the
metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into
two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two
ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled
according to genetic instructions?
Ribosomes
What is the structural and functional unit of life?
The cell
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is cellular respiration?
A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed
as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen,
but this is less efficient.
What is anaerobic respiration?
A form of cellular respiration that does not involve oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration?
Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the
cell membrane:
Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotes often reproduce by:
Binary Fission
What is binary fission?
A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into two identical halves.
What is cytokinesis?
The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which occurs during the
telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell?
A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell?
A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
, What is chromatin?
The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed, consisting of mostly
proteins, DNA, and RNA.
What is a centriole?
a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in
the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
What is a chromosome?
A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA
and protein.
What is DNA?
A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining
the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material of most living
organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
What is RNA?
A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis. It is responsible
for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell
where the information is translated into protein composition.
What is a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers
made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either
ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-
containing base.
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a
new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex initiates transcription, and
the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the
original DNA strand.
What is translation?
Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information
contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure
called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by
engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes
the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents
to the outside of the cell
What is a chromotid?
each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally
during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
What is an allele?
An alternative version of a gene; one from each parent.
What is a phenotype?
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
What is a genotype?
An organism's genetic makeup.
