GEESTELIJKE GEZONDHEIDSZORG
DEEL PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE
0
,
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: Introductie psychopathologie.................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Psychiatrie en Maatschappij...........................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Netwerk voorzieningen............................................................................................................................2
1.1.2 SPecialisaties............................................................................................................................................2
1.1.3 Beroepsgroepen.......................................................................................................................................3
1.2 DIagnose..........................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.1 DSM-IV......................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.2 DSM-5.......................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.3 Kritische bedenkingen bij classificatie van psychopathologie of bij het ‘categoriale’ denken................5
1.3 Verklaring (etiologie).......................................................................................................................................9
1.3.1 Biologische verklaringen........................................................................................................................10
1.3.2 Psychologische verklaringen..................................................................................................................11
1.3.2 Sociale verklaringen...............................................................................................................................12
1.4 Behandeling...................................................................................................................................................12
1.4.1 Biologische behandeling........................................................................................................................12
1.4.2 Psychotherapie.......................................................................................................................................14
1.4.3 Sociale psychiatrie..................................................................................................................................18
1.5 Verloop en preventie.....................................................................................................................................18
1.5.1 Epidemiologie.........................................................................................................................................18
1.5.2 Prevalentie.............................................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 2: Zenuwstelsel........................................................................................................................... 19
Hoofdstuk 3: Psychosen............................................................................................................................... 19
Hoofdstuk 3A: SCHIZOFRENIE(spectrumstoornis)..........................................................................................20
Hoofdstuk 3b: NIET SCHIZOFRENE PSYCHOTISCHE STOORNISSEN.....................................................................38
3.1 Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................38
3.2 Kenmerken................................................................................................................................................39
3.3 Verklaring..................................................................................................................................................41
3.4 Behandelen................................................................................................................................................42
3.5 Dubbeldiagnose.........................................................................................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 4: Angst - Dwang - Trauma – Stress.............................................................................................. 44
hoofdstuk 4a: Angststoornissen..........................................................................................................................44
4.1 Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................44
4.2 ANgst en angststoornissen........................................................................................................................45
4.3 Fobieën en sociale angsten.......................................................................................................................49
4.4 Paniekstoornis en agorafobie....................................................................................................................55
, 4.5 Gegeneraliseerde-angstoornis..................................................................................................................60
Hoofdstuk 4b: dwang..........................................................................................................................................64
4.1 DWang.......................................................................................................................................................64
4.2 Obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis (OCS)...................................................................................................65
4.3 Andere dwangstoornissen.........................................................................................................................69
hoofdstuk 4c: trauma- en stressorgerelateerde stoornissen.............................................................................71
4.1 Stress en aanpassing.................................................................................................................................71
4.2 Aanpassingsstoornis..................................................................................................................................75
4.3 Posttraumatische-stressstoornis (PTSS)....................................................................................................78
Hoofdstuk 5: DEPRESSIEVE & BIPOLAIRE STEMMINGSSTOORNISSEN............................................................83
5.1 Stemming en emotie.....................................................................................................................................83
5.1.1 Onderscheid stemming en emotie.........................................................................................................84
5.1.2 Lichamelijke verschijnselen....................................................................................................................84
5.1.3 Gevoelens...............................................................................................................................................85
5.1.4 DSM-V.....................................................................................................................................................85
5.2 Depressieve-stemmingsstoornissen.............................................................................................................86
5.2.1 Kenmerken.............................................................................................................................................86
5.2.2 Verklaring...............................................................................................................................................93
5.2.3 Behandeling............................................................................................................................................96
5.3 Bipolaire-stemmingsstoornissen...................................................................................................................99
5.3.1 Kenmerken.............................................................................................................................................99
5.3.2 Verklaring.............................................................................................................................................104
5.3.3 Behandeling..........................................................................................................................................104
Hoofdstuk 6: STOORNISSEN DOOR GEBRUIK VAN ALCOHOL EN DRUGS......................................................106
6.1 Drugs en Afhankelijkheid............................................................................................................................106
6.1.1 Hallucinogenen.....................................................................................................................................107
6.1.2 Werking................................................................................................................................................109
6.1.3 Afhankelijkheid = verslaving.................................................................................................................109
6.1.4 Verslaving gaar dikwijls samen met.....................................................................................................110
6.1.5 Hulpverlening.......................................................................................................................................111
6.2 Stoornissen door gebruik van alcohol.........................................................................................................112
6.2.1 Kenmerken...........................................................................................................................................112
6.2.2 Verklaring.............................................................................................................................................117
6.2.2 Behandeling..........................................................................................................................................118
6.3 Stoornissen door gebruik van drugs...........................................................................................................121
6.3.1 Kenmerken...........................................................................................................................................121
6.3.2 Verklaring.............................................................................................................................................128
DEEL PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE
0
,
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: Introductie psychopathologie.................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Psychiatrie en Maatschappij...........................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Netwerk voorzieningen............................................................................................................................2
1.1.2 SPecialisaties............................................................................................................................................2
1.1.3 Beroepsgroepen.......................................................................................................................................3
1.2 DIagnose..........................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.1 DSM-IV......................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.2 DSM-5.......................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.3 Kritische bedenkingen bij classificatie van psychopathologie of bij het ‘categoriale’ denken................5
1.3 Verklaring (etiologie).......................................................................................................................................9
1.3.1 Biologische verklaringen........................................................................................................................10
1.3.2 Psychologische verklaringen..................................................................................................................11
1.3.2 Sociale verklaringen...............................................................................................................................12
1.4 Behandeling...................................................................................................................................................12
1.4.1 Biologische behandeling........................................................................................................................12
1.4.2 Psychotherapie.......................................................................................................................................14
1.4.3 Sociale psychiatrie..................................................................................................................................18
1.5 Verloop en preventie.....................................................................................................................................18
1.5.1 Epidemiologie.........................................................................................................................................18
1.5.2 Prevalentie.............................................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 2: Zenuwstelsel........................................................................................................................... 19
Hoofdstuk 3: Psychosen............................................................................................................................... 19
Hoofdstuk 3A: SCHIZOFRENIE(spectrumstoornis)..........................................................................................20
Hoofdstuk 3b: NIET SCHIZOFRENE PSYCHOTISCHE STOORNISSEN.....................................................................38
3.1 Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................38
3.2 Kenmerken................................................................................................................................................39
3.3 Verklaring..................................................................................................................................................41
3.4 Behandelen................................................................................................................................................42
3.5 Dubbeldiagnose.........................................................................................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 4: Angst - Dwang - Trauma – Stress.............................................................................................. 44
hoofdstuk 4a: Angststoornissen..........................................................................................................................44
4.1 Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................44
4.2 ANgst en angststoornissen........................................................................................................................45
4.3 Fobieën en sociale angsten.......................................................................................................................49
4.4 Paniekstoornis en agorafobie....................................................................................................................55
, 4.5 Gegeneraliseerde-angstoornis..................................................................................................................60
Hoofdstuk 4b: dwang..........................................................................................................................................64
4.1 DWang.......................................................................................................................................................64
4.2 Obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis (OCS)...................................................................................................65
4.3 Andere dwangstoornissen.........................................................................................................................69
hoofdstuk 4c: trauma- en stressorgerelateerde stoornissen.............................................................................71
4.1 Stress en aanpassing.................................................................................................................................71
4.2 Aanpassingsstoornis..................................................................................................................................75
4.3 Posttraumatische-stressstoornis (PTSS)....................................................................................................78
Hoofdstuk 5: DEPRESSIEVE & BIPOLAIRE STEMMINGSSTOORNISSEN............................................................83
5.1 Stemming en emotie.....................................................................................................................................83
5.1.1 Onderscheid stemming en emotie.........................................................................................................84
5.1.2 Lichamelijke verschijnselen....................................................................................................................84
5.1.3 Gevoelens...............................................................................................................................................85
5.1.4 DSM-V.....................................................................................................................................................85
5.2 Depressieve-stemmingsstoornissen.............................................................................................................86
5.2.1 Kenmerken.............................................................................................................................................86
5.2.2 Verklaring...............................................................................................................................................93
5.2.3 Behandeling............................................................................................................................................96
5.3 Bipolaire-stemmingsstoornissen...................................................................................................................99
5.3.1 Kenmerken.............................................................................................................................................99
5.3.2 Verklaring.............................................................................................................................................104
5.3.3 Behandeling..........................................................................................................................................104
Hoofdstuk 6: STOORNISSEN DOOR GEBRUIK VAN ALCOHOL EN DRUGS......................................................106
6.1 Drugs en Afhankelijkheid............................................................................................................................106
6.1.1 Hallucinogenen.....................................................................................................................................107
6.1.2 Werking................................................................................................................................................109
6.1.3 Afhankelijkheid = verslaving.................................................................................................................109
6.1.4 Verslaving gaar dikwijls samen met.....................................................................................................110
6.1.5 Hulpverlening.......................................................................................................................................111
6.2 Stoornissen door gebruik van alcohol.........................................................................................................112
6.2.1 Kenmerken...........................................................................................................................................112
6.2.2 Verklaring.............................................................................................................................................117
6.2.2 Behandeling..........................................................................................................................................118
6.3 Stoornissen door gebruik van drugs...........................................................................................................121
6.3.1 Kenmerken...........................................................................................................................................121
6.3.2 Verklaring.............................................................................................................................................128
