ALBERTA SCIENCE 10 Bio Unit TEST Prep (Answered) 100%

ALBERTA SCIENCE 10 Bio Unit TEST Prep (Answered) 100% Spontaneus Generation *** A theoretical process by which life forms arise from non-living life forms, not known to occur Abiogenesis *** Never-observed theoretical process by which life forms arise from non-living matter Biogenesis *** The development of living organisms from other living organisms Cell *** The smallest functional unit of lie; all living things are composed of cells Cell theory *** The theory stating that all organisms are composed of one or more cells; that the cell is the smallest functional unit of life; and that all cells are produced from other cells Simple microscope *** A microscope with only one lens, similar of a magnifying glass Compound light microscope *** A microscope with two or more lenses used to view objects illuminated by visible light Electron microscope *** An extremely powerful microscope that forms an enlarged image of specimens using a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light Electron micrograph *** A photograph of an image from an electron microscope Transmission electron microscope (TEM) *** An electron microscope in which a beam of electrons passes through a specimen to produce a 2D image Confocal electron microscope (CEM) *** A microscope in which a laser beam is directed at various planes of the specimen, producing a series of 2D that can be stacked to produce a 3D image Scanning tunnel microscope (STM) *** A microscope in which electrons flow between a fine metal probe and atoms on the specimens surface, while a computer uses the information sent by the probe to create a 3D image Base *** A substance that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions, OH-: in genetics, a type of compound that is found in nucleotides, from which DNA is constructed; DNA contains four different bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Gene sequencing *** The process of mapping the order of all of a genes's bases Cell culture *** A technique in which isolated cells are placed in test tubes or Petri dishes, supplied with with nutrients, and allowed to reproduce Cell line *** The generations of cells that are derived from one singe cell Stem cell *** A special, multipurpose cell that divides to produce all other types of specialized cells Organelle *** A specialized, usually membrane bound, part of a cell with a specific function (chloroplast, mitochondria, etc) Cell membrane *** A boundary around a cell that separates the cell's interior from the environment Cytoplasm *** The jelly like substance in a cell, in which organelles are suspended Lipid *** A biological molecule that does not dissolve in water; includes fats, oils, and phospholipids Vesicle *** A small membrane sac that stores or transports materials in and out of the cell Nucleus *** In a cell, the structure that contains the genes, and directs the structure and function of the cell Nuclear pores *** An opening in the nuclear envelope of a cell that allows proteins and other molecules to pass through Ribosome *** The cell structure that translates genetic information sent from the nucleus into proteins,which then carry out other cellular functions Nucleolus *** The area in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are produced Lysosomes *** A vesicle containing digestive enzymes where materials are degraded by the cell Endoplasmic reticulum *** A network of folded membranes and tubes connected with the nucleus, where proteins and lipids are synthesized and packaged in vesicles Rough endoplasmic reticulum *** The part of the endoplasmic reticulum with attached ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized Smooth endoplasmic reticulum *** The part of the endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized, where proteins or lipids are packaged in vesicles for transport to other parts of the cell Golgi apparatus *** The organelle where proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum are modified, repackaged, and distributed to other locations in the cell Mitochondria *** The organelle where food molecules are broken down into energy that can be used by the cell Centriole *** A cellular organelle located near the cell nucleus; helps organize genetic material during cell division Vacuole *** A balloon like vesicle that can store water, food, and minerals in a cell Cell wall *** A rigid no supportive structure that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cell, fungi, and some bacteria Cellulose *** A fibrous material that forms the main component of plant cell walls Chloroplast *** An organelle containing chlorophyll that traps light energy for photosynthesis