Test Bank For The Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th Edition By Barbara Herlihy | Complete 2023/2024 (VERIFIED)

Which of the following is most related to the conjunctiva? a. Is the mucous membrane that forms the inner lining of the eyelids b. Is the vascular layer of the eyeball; it supplies the retina with blood c. Is composed of circular and radial muscles d. Forms the cornea, the window of the eye ANS: A 80. On its way to the retina light does not pass through this structure. a. Pupil b. Vitreous humor c. Choroid d. Cornea ANS: C 81. Which of the following is not true of the lens? a. Changes in the shape of the lens affect the refraction of light. b. Clouding of the lens is called a cataract. c. Cataracts impair vision by decreasing the amount of light that reaches the retina. d. Its shape is changed by contraction of the muscles of the iris. ANS: D 82. Aqueous humor a. is secreted by the maculaN luteR a. I G B.C M b. circulates in the space betwUeenStheNchoTroid anOd retina. c. is drained through the canal of Schlemm. d. gently pushes the retina against the choroid. ANS: C 83. Diminished drainage of aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm a. elevates intraocular pressure causing glaucoma. b. causes a choked disc or papilledema. c. causes strabismus. d. paralyzes the muscles of accommodation. ANS: A 84. The vitreous humor a. is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball. b. is drained through the canal of Schlemm. c. gently pushes the retina against the vascular choroid. d. circulates from the posterior cavity into the anterior cavity through the pupil. ANS: C 85. Refracted light should focus on the a. lens. b. optic chiasm. Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank c. optic disc. d. retina. ANS: D 86. The four rectus muscles and two oblique muscles a. determine pupillary size. b. move the eyeball. c. are innervated by CNs III, IV, and VI. d. More than one of the above are true. ANS: D 87. The ciliary muscles a. move the eyeball. b. change the shape of the lens. c. regulate pupillary response to light. d. cause blinking and tearing as the motor response of the corneal reflex. ANS: B 88. Which of the following is not part of the visual pathway? a. Optic chiasm b. Optic nerve c. Photoreceptors d. Vitreous humor ANS: D . 89. The fovea centralis and macula lutea a. secrete aqueous humor. b. are richly populated with cones. c. are primarily responsible for night vision. d. cover the surface of the optic disc. ANS: B 90. The optic disc a. is densely populated with cones. b. is densely populated with rods. c. refracts light. d. contains no photoreceptors; it is the blind spot. ANS: D 91. What happens at the optic chiasm? a. Fibers from CN III and the optic nerve join together and travel to the primary visual cortex. b. Fibers of the optic nerve cross to the opposite side of the brain. c. Light is refracted. d. Muscle contraction moves the eyeball in its socket. ANS: B Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank 92. Bending of light waves is a. called convergence. b. the function of the lens. c. called accommodation. d. determined by CNs III, IV, and VI. ANS: B 93. The macula lutea, fovea centralis, and photoreceptors are most associated with this structure. a. Choroid b. Optic chiasm c. Lens d. Retina ANS: D 94. The optic nerve a. carries electrical signals from the retina to the primary visual cortex. b. is CN III. c. is the sensory arm of the corneal reflex. d. is mixed. ANS: A 95. Which of the following occur as an object is moved closer to the eyes? a. Mydriasis and miosis b. Accommodation and conN vergR encI e G B.C M c. Muscarinic and alpha1 activUatioSn N T O d. Contraction of the levator palpebrae superioris and relaxation of the orbicularis oculi ANS: B 96. Select the word that means the ability of the eyes to refract light without the assistance of correctives lenses. a. Emmetropia b. Presbyopia c. Accommodation d. Myopia ANS: A 97. Rhodopsin a. requires vitamin A. b. is a requirement for color vision only. c. is synthesized within the occipital lobe. d. is necessary for the refraction of light by the lens. ANS: A 98. Which of the following is defined as the involuntary rhythmic oscillating movements of the eyes? Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank a. Presbyopia b. Nystagmus c. Emmetropia d. Myopia ANS: B 99. Astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia are or create a. errors of refraction. b. due to defects within the primary visual cortex. c. consequences of vitamin A deficiency. d. types of blindness. ANS: A 100. Retrolental fibroplasia or the retinopathy of prematurity is a. synonymous with congenital cataracts. b. caused by continuous high doses of oxygen administered in an attempt to relieve hypoxemia. c. caused by corneal scarring sustained during the birth process. d. induced by an elevation of intracranial pressure and compression of the primary visual cortex. ANS: B 101. The external auditory canal a. connects the pharynx (throat) and the middle ear. b. connects the cochlea andNtheRvesItibuGle. B.C M c. connects all three semicircuUlarScanNals.T O d. ends at the tympanic membrane. ANS: D 102. The tympanic membrane a. separates the external ear from the middle ear. b. separates the cochlea from the vestibule. c. separates the external ear from the internal ear. d. separates two compartments that contain endolymph. ANS: A 103. Cerumen is a. an inner ear secretion. b. secreted by the organ of Corti. c. found in the external ear. d. drained by the Eustachian tube. ANS: C 104. Which of the following has no anatomical connection with the middle ear? a. Tympanic membrane b. Endolymph c. Eustachian tube Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank d. Oval window ANS: B 105. Which of the following is true of the cochlea, organ of Corti, and CN VIII? All are a. concerned with hearing. b. concerned with balance. c. middle ear structures. d. concerned with bone conduction. ANS: A 106. Which of the following vibrates in direct response to the tympanic membrane? a. Hammer b. Endolymph c. Organ of Corti d. Semicircular canals ANS: A 107. Which of the following moves in response to the vibration of the stapes? a. Tympanic membrane b. Oval window c. Malleus d. Hammer ANS: B 108. The organ of Corti . a. is an exocrine gland that secretes cerumen. b. contains mechanoreceptors. c. is the receptor for balance or equilibrium. d. is a middle ear structure. ANS: B 109. The receptors for hearing and balance a. when activated send electrical signals (action potentials) along CN VIII. b. when activated send action potentials to the occipital lobe. c. activate only the cochlear nerves. d. are middle ear structures. ANS: A 110. Vertigo a. refers to ringing or buzzing in the ear. b. is apt to stimulate the emetic center. c. is most apt to be caused by external ear infection. d. refers to a cerumen-impacted tympanic membrane. ANS: B 111. Bone-conduction deafness is Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank a. due to destruction of the organ of Corti. b. most often caused by constant loud noise. c. most related to the middle ear. d. an inner ear disorder. ANS: C 112. Movement of the oval window a. moves the endolymph in the inner ear, thereby bending the mechanoreceptors of the organ of Corti. b. vibrates the middle ear ossicles and eardrum. c. pushes endolymph from the cochlea into the semicircular canals. d. pushes perilymph from the semicircular canals into the cochlea. ANS: A 113. Which of the following structures is common to both balance and hearing? a. Tympanic membrane b. Organ of Corti c. Middle ear ossicles d. Mechanoreceptors ANS: D 114. Adaptation occurs a. when sensory receptors send fewer signals when continuously stimulated. b. because of amputation. c. as a result of projection oNf paRin. I G B.C M d. in order to maintain homeoUstasSis. N T O ANS: A Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank Chapter 14: Endocrine System Herlihy: The Human Body in Health and Illness, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus? a. Secretes releasing hormones b. Controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary gland c. Secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins d. Synthesizes oxytocin and ADH ANS: C 2. T3, T4, and calcitonin are a. secreted by the thyroid gland. b. secreted by the parathyroid glands. c. secreted in response to declining plasma levels of calcium. d. steroids. ANS: A 3. Insulin and glucagon a. are secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. b. elevate blood glucose levels. c. are secreted in response to declining plasma levels of glucose. d. are secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose. ANS: D 4. The islets of Langerhans . a. are cells found in the adenohypophysis. b. secrete insulin and glucagon. c. secrete steroids. d. secrete releasing hormones. ANS: B 5. Steroids a. are secreted by the adrenal medulla. b. include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. c. stimulate the membranes of the target cells to produce the second chemical messenger, cAMP. d. are secreted by the pancreas. ANS: B 6. The adrenal medulla a. is controlled primarily by ACTH. b. secretes steroids. c. is associated with the fight-or-flight response. d. secretes iodine-containing hormones. Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank ANS: C 7. Iodine-containing hormones a. include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). b. are secreted by the hypothalamus as releasing hormones. c. are steroids. d. regulate the metabolic rate. ANS: D 8. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin a. are secreted by the neurohypophysis. b. are mineralocorticoids. c. are secreted by the islets of Langerhans. d. stimulate the kidney to excrete Na+ and water. ANS: A 9. Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the a. neurohypophysis. b. pancreas. c. anterior pituitary gland. d. posterior pituitary gland. ANS: C 10. Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium? a. Secretion of calcitonin . b. Secretion of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans c. Inhibition of the adenohypophyseal release of ACTH d. Secretion of PTH ANS: D 11. What is the stimulus for the release of insulin? a. Low plasma levels of calcium b. High plasma levels of potassium c. High plasma levels of glucose d. Low blood volume ANS: C 12. The adenohypophysis a. secretes ADH and oxytocin. b. refers to the anterior pituitary gland. c. secretes releasing hormones. d. secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. ANS: B 13. Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone? a. Neurohypophysis Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank b. Pancreas c. Adrenal medulla d. Anterior pituitary gland ANS: D 14. The adrenal cortex a. is the target gland of ACTH. b. secretes catecholamines. c. is an extension of the sympathetic nervous system. d. secretes ADH and oxytocin. ANS: A 15. Which gland is associated with “sugar, salt, and sex”? a. Adrenal cortex b. Pancreas c. Parathyroid gland d. Neurohypophysis ANS: A 16. Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla? a. Catecholamines b. Epinephrine and norepinephrine c. Fight-or-flight response d. Sugar, salt, and sex ANS: D 17. Catecholamines . a. include cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone. b. are secreted by the adrenal cortex. c. lower plasma glucose levels. d. include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine. ANS: D 18. Enlargement of the thyroid gland a. is called a goiter. b. causes Addisonian crisis. c. makes a person appear cushingoid. d. causes hypocalcemic tetany. ANS: A 19. “Sugar, salt, and sex” is descriptive of a. ACTH, TSH, and somatotropic hormone. b. cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone. c. epinephrine, norepinephrine, and estrogen. d. insulin, glucagon, and cortisol. ANS: B Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank 20. Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin a. are hypothalamic-releasing hormones. b. are secreted by the adenohypophysis. c. increase blood glucose levels. d. are hormones. ANS: D 21. Lactogenic hormone a. is also called oxytocin. b. is a gonadotropin. c. stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. d. exerts its greatest effect on the gonads. ANS: C 22. Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone? a. ACTH b. ADH c. Growth hormone d. Prolactin ANS: B 23. Growth hormone a. is secreted by the adenohypophysis. b. stimulates growth of the mN usR culoI skeG letaB l s. yC stemM . c. is also called somatotropicUhorSmonNe. T O d. All of the above are true. ANS: D 24. Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone a. are feminizing hormones. b. induce virilization. c. are secreted by the gonads. d. are secreted by the adenohypophysis. ANS: C 25. Testosterone is best described as a. virilizing. b. lactogenic. c. adenohypophyseal. d. pancreatic. ANS: A 26. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone a. are both secreted by the parathyroid glands. b. increase plasma levels of calcium. c. decrease plasma levels of calcium. Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank d. control plasma levels of calcium. ANS: D 27. Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis? a. Islets of Langerhans b. Portal capillaries c. Corpus callosum d. Medulla oblongata ANS: B 28. Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal-hypothalamic portal capillaries? a. Gonadotropins b. Releasing hormones c. Catecholamines d. Mineralocorticoids ANS: B 29. A deficiency of insulin causes a. hypocalcemia. b. hyperglycemia. c. Cushing’s syndrome. d. adrenal shock. ANS: B 30. Oxytocin . a. is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor. b. is a gonadotropin. c. stimulates the kidney to reabsorb Na+ and water, thereby expanding blood volume. d. is a mineralocorticoid. ANS: A 31. Which of the following is most descriptive of cAMP? a. Second chemical messenger b. Catecholamine that contributes to the fight-or-flight response c. Steroid d. Releasing hormone ANS: A 32. TSH a. stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin. b. is secreted by the neurohypophysis. c. stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete TRH, thyrotropin-releasing hormone. d. is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. ANS: D Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank 33. The only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels is a. glucagon. b. insulin. c. epinephrine. d. cortisol. ANS: B 34. PTH a. lowers plasma calcium. b. stimulates osteoclastic activity. c. is an iodine-containing hormone. d. stimulates osteoblastic activity and causes blood calcium levels to increase. ANS: B 35. Insulin a. is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. b. is secreted by the liver. c. raises blood glucose levels. d. is released by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels. ANS: A 36. ACTH stimulates the a. hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). b. adenohypophysis to secreN te cR ortiI sol.G B.C M c. adrenal cortex to secrete coUrtisSol. N T O d. adrenal medulla to secrete glucagon. ANS: C 37. The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called? a. Cerebral lateralization b. Circadian rhythm c. Cellular differentiation d. Negative feedback control ANS: D 38. Which of the following steroids is an androgen? a. Progesterone b. Testosterone c. Estrogen d. Aldosterone ANS: B 39. Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone? a. It causes the excretion of calcium in the urine. b. It stimulates osteoblastic activity to form bone. Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank c. It stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin. d. It increases plasma levels of calcium. ANS: D 40. Cretinism, myxedema, and Graves’ disease are all a. thyroid hormone deficiency diseases. b. thyroid hormone disorders caused by oversecretion of thyroxine. c. calcium imbalances due primarily to the lack of calcitonin. d. disorders of thyroid gland function. ANS: D 41. Hypocalcemic tetany a. causes a flaccid paralysis. b. resembles neuromuscular blockade by curare. c. may be caused by a deficiency of PTH. d. is caused by a deficiency of insulin. ANS: C 42. The neurohypophysis a. is the anterior pituitary gland. b. secretes ACTH, TSH, and the gonadotropins. c. secretes the releasing hormones. d. is the posterior pituitary gland. ANS: D . 43. What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone? a. High blood pressure b. Low level of potassium in the blood c. Low blood volume and hypotension d. Goiter formation ANS: C 44. Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms? a. Pancreas b. Adenohypophysis c. Pineal gland d. Adrenal gland ANS: C 45. The person with is most likely to receive insulin therapy. a. myxedema b. Graves’ disease c. diabetes insipidus d. hyperglycemia ANS: D Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank 46. The hypersecretion of which hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia? a. Cortisol b. Growth hormone c. Insulin d. Epinephrine (adrenalin) ANS: C 47. Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin? a. Hypocalcemia b. Hyperglycemia c. Dehydration d. Elevated plasma calcium level ANS: D 48. Ketoacidosis is most related to a. adrenocortical insufficiency. b. Cushing’s syndrome. c. excess fatty acid catabolism. d. hyperglycemia. ANS: C 49. Which of the following is characterized by excess urine production resulting in low blood volume? a. Cushing syndrome b. Tetany c. Diabetes insipidus d. Oversecretion of ACTH ANS: C 50. Bronzing . a. always accompanies hyperglycemia. b. is the most prominent symptom of Cushing syndrome. c. is characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison’s disease). d. is a consequence of ADH insufficiency. ANS: C 51. Insulin a. stimulates the formation of glycogen. b. increases the transport of glucose into a cell. c. stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats. d. All of the above are true. ANS: D 52. Obesity a. antagonizes insulin. b. elevates blood glucose levels. c. increases blood pressure. Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank d. All of the above are true. ANS: D 53. Excess secretion of epinephrine a. relieves anxiety. b. stimulates the synthesis of glycogen. c. elevates blood glucose levels. d. slows heart rate and lowers blood pressure. ANS: C 54. A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla a. causes life-threatening low blood pressure. b. is called a pheochromocytoma. c. causes Addison’s disease. d. causes excess secretion of cortisol. ANS: B 55. Which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine? a. Diabetes mellitus b. Hyperglycemia c. Myxedema d. Graves’ disease ANS: C 56. Which gland secretes two hoNrmUoRneSsI, oNnGe tThBCevOaMtes blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels? a. Pancreas b. Adenohypophysis c. Thyroid d. Adrenal cortex ANS: A 57. Iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to which gland? a. Pancreas b. Parathyroid c. Thyroid d. Neurohypophysis ANS: C 58. Excessive eating despite plenty of glucose in the blood is called a. acidosis b. polyuria c. polydipsia d. polyphagia ANS: D Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank 59. Which group is incorrect? a. Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, growth hormone b. Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland: ADH, oxytocin c. Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine d. Secretions of the gonads: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone ANS: C 60. Which group is incorrect? a. Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin b. Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone c. Secretions of the gonads: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone d. Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland: T3, T4, calcitonin ANS: A 61. Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus? a. Secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries b. Composed of glandular tissue c. Called the adenohypophysis d. Connected to the neurohypophysis by the portal capillaries ANS: A 62. The anterior pituitary gland a. is called the neurohypophysis. b. releases ADH and oxytocin. c. secretes releasing hormonNes.R I G B.C M d. is connected to the hypothaUlamSus bNy thTe portaOl capillaries. ANS: D 63. ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins are a. hypothalamic-releasing hormones. b. secreted by the neurohypophysis. c. “aimed at” the adrenal cortex. d. tropic hormones. ANS: D 64. The adrenal medulla a. is an extension of the “feed-and-breed” division of the autonomic nervous system. b. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. c. secretes steroids. d. causes Cushing syndrome when it is overactive. ANS: B 65. Aldosterone a. is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. b. functions in the regulation of blood glucose levels. c. stimulates the kidney to excrete sodium and reabsorb potassium. d. All of the above are true. Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank ANS: A 66. The pancreas a. secretes steroids that are concerned with sugar, salt, and sex. b. is controlled by the adenohypophysis. c. secretes hormones that affect blood glucose levels. d. secretes iodine-containing hormones that regulate the basal metabolic rate. ANS: C 67. Which of the following best describes the function of insulin? a. Lowers blood glucose levels b. Stimulates cells to make glucose (gluconeogenesis) c. Deficiency causes diabetes insipidus d. Decreases blood volume ANS: A 68. As plasma levels of calcium decrease a. insulin is secreted. b. the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone. c. the kidneys excrete calcium and phosphorus. d. calcitonin is secreted. ANS: B 69. Hypocalcemic tetany a. is a consequence of a defNicUieRncSyIofNcGalTciBCn.OM b. is caused by a lack of TSH. c. is caused by osteoclastic activity. d. develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity. ANS: D 70. T3 and T4 a. stimulate the adenohypophysis to secrete TSH. b. regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR). c. stimulate osteoclastic activity, thereby elevating plasma calcium levels. d. All of the above are true. ANS: B 71. Which of the following suppress(es) the secretion of ACTH? a. Elevated blood glucose levels b. Dietary iodine c. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) d. Elevated plasma cortisol levels ANS: D 72. Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine a. are all secreted by the adrenal gland. Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank b. expand blood volume. c. raise blood glucose levels. d. stimulate osteoclastic activity. ANS: C 73. Which of the following is descriptive of prolactin? a. Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland b. Also called lactogenic hormone c. Causes the milk let-down reflex d. Stimulates the neurohypophysis to synthesize oxytocin ANS: B 74. Which of the following are concerned with “sugar, salt, and sex”? a. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline b. Glucagon, insulin, and thymosin c. ICSH, FSH, and LH d. Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen ANS: D 75. A deficiency of dietary iodine a. lowers plasma calcium levels. b. causes low blood volume and shock. c. decreases the synthesis of calcitonin. d. causes a goiter. ANS: D . 76. Which of the following is not a function of insulin? a. Lowering blood glucose levels b. Promoting protein synthesis c. Simulating hepatic gluconeogenesis d. Promoting fatty acid synthesis ANS: C 77. A deficiency of ADH most likely a. elevates blood glucose levels. b. causes diabetes mellitus. c. induces polyuria. d. expands blood volume. ANS: C 78. Hyperglycemia a. is caused by excess insulin. b. causes glucosuria and polyuria. c. causes hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. d. is characteristic of adrenal insufficiency. ANS: B Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank 79. Cushing syndrome a. may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy. b. is caused by adrenal insufficiency. c. is characterized by hypoglycemia and low blood volume. d. is treated with growth hormone. ANS: A 80. Abrupt, sudden withdrawal of prednisone (cortisol) is most likely to cause a. Cushing syndrome. b. hypocalcemic tetany. c. diabetes insipidus. d. acute adrenal insufficiency. ANS: D 81. Virilization is characterized by a. excess facial hair. b. buffalo hump. c. truncal obesity. d. gonadal atrophy. ANS: A 82. Which of the following is not under the direct control of the pituitary gland? a. Adrenal cortical secretion of glucocorticoid b. Parathyroid secretion of PN THR I G B.C M c. Thyroid gland secretion of UT3 aSnd NT4 T O d. Ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone ANS: B 83. The secretion of this gland enhances a sympathetic response. a. Adrenal medulla b. Pancreas c. Adrenal cortex d. Parathyroid ANS: A 84. Which of the following hormones exerts negative feedback control on the secretion of ACTH? a. PTH b. Glucagon c. Cortisol d. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone ANS: C 85. Which of the following is descriptive of the adrenal cortex? a. It is the target gland of ACTH. b. It secretes catecholamines. c. It secretes hormones that lower blood glucose. Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank d. It secretes iodine-containing hormones. ANS: A 86. The bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone. a. T3 and T4 b. PTH c. ACTH d. Oxytocin ANS: B 87. This hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity, causing bone resorption. a. Calcitonin b. Androgen c. PTH d. Thyroxine ANS: C 88. What do the following hormones have in common: growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine? All a. are secreted by the adrenal glands. b. raise blood glucose. c. suppress gluconeogenesis. d. are steroids. ANS: B . 89. Why is the posterior pituitary gland called the neurohypophysis? a. The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus. b. The neurohypophysis secretes releasing hormones. c. The posterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate adenohypophyseal function. d. The posterior pituitary gland secretes releasing hormones. ANS: A 90. Which of the following is true of both prolactin and oxytocin? Both a. are concerned with lactation. b. are secreted by the adenohypophysis. c. stimulate the mammary glands to make milk. d. are concerned only with lactation. ANS: A 91. Which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone? a. Promotion of the urinary excretion of calcium b. Growth of the musculoskeletal system c. Regulation of sodium and water balance d. Initiates and sustains labor to terminate pregnancy ANS: B Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank 92. What two effects does PTH exert on the kidneys? a. Blocks sodium reabsorption and increases the excretion of water b. Increases calcium reabsorption and increases the excretion of phosphate in the urine c. Decreases the reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate d. Increases the excretion of H+ and the excretion of bicarbonate ANS: B 93. Which of the following posterior pituitary hormones causes the kidney to decrease its excretion of urine? a. ADH b. ACTH c. Aldosterone d. Oxytocin ANS: A 94. This adrenal cortical mineralocorticoid helps regulate salt and water balance. a. Aldosterone b. Glucagon c. Cortisol d. ADH ANS: A 95. Thyroxine a. is TSH. b. is T4. . c. exerts negative feedback control on the secretion of T3. d. lowers basal metabolic rate. ANS: B 96. Myxedema, Graves’ disease, and cretinism are a. hypothyroid disorders. b. due to a deficiency of TSH. c. disorders of the thyroid gland. d. best treated with T3 and/or T4. ANS: C 97. What is the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism? a. Thyroidectomy b. Administration of a radioactive cocktail of 131I (radioactive iodine) c. Replacement dose of thyroid hormones d. Replacement dose of calcitonin ANS: C 98. A patient has been receiving a large dose of prednisone for the relief of arthritic pain for 6 months. He suddenly stops taking his medication. What is the most serious concern? Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank a. His arthritic pain will recur. b. He will develop an acute adrenal insufficiency. c. He will continue to exhibit symptoms of Cushing syndrome. d. He will develop a moon face and buffalo hump. ANS: B 99. Cushing syndrome and Addison’s disease are a. forms of chronic adrenal cortical hypofunction. b. forms of chronic adrenal cortical hypersecretion. c. treated with replacement doses of cortisol (i.e., prednisone). d. disorders of the adrenal cortex. ANS: D 100. Excess insulin is most apt to cause a. ketosis. b. hypoglycemia. c. hypertension. d. diuresis. ANS: B 101. The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans a. are the hormone-secreting cells of the adrenal cortex. b. are insulin-secreting pancreatic cells. c. secrete releasing hormones. d. secrete steroids. ANS: B 102. Iodine is . a. used by the adenohypophysis to synthesize TSH. b. necessary for the synthesis of calcitonin by the thyroid gland. c. necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. d. necessary for the synthesis of both PTH and calcitonin. ANS: C 103. A hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis a. increases the renal excretion of sodium and water. b. prevents hyperglycemia. c. causes diuresis. d. causes hypocalcemia. ANS: B 104. Glucagon a. is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose. b. regulates sodium and water balance. c. is a steroid. d. is a glucocorticoid. Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank ANS: A 105. Which of the following is least characteristic of the function of insulin? a. Increases glucose transport (into the cell) b. Suppresses gluconeogenesis c. Lowers blood glucose d. Increases the generation of ketone bodies ANS: D 106. Identify the glands associated with these hormones: gonadotropins, aldosterone, and epinephrine. a. Adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis, pancreas b. Adenohypophysis, anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex c. Adenohypophysis, posterior pituitary, adrenal medulla d. Anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla ANS: D 107. Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are a. most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin. b. characteristic of diabetes insipidus. c. the consequences of a hormone-secreting tumor of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. d. indicative of a deficiency of ADH. ANS: A 108. Ketosis and acidosis are . a. most apt to be caused by an excess of insulin. b. characteristic of diabetes insipidus. c. best treated with ADH. d. indicative of a rapid and incomplete metabolism of fatty acids. ANS: D 109. Identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis. a. ADH, aldosterone, glucagon b. Epinephrine, insulin, ACTH c. Androgen, glucagon, ADH d. Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone ANS: D 110. Identify the glands that secrete these hormones: glucagon, PTH, and TSH. a. Neurohypophysis, pancreas, ovary b. Adrenal cortex, pancreas, neurohypophysis c. Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary d. Testes, thymus, adenohypophysis ANS: C Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank 111. The “melting of flesh into urine,” an old-timey name, is most descriptive of untreated a. diabetes mellitus. b. Addison’s disease. c. diabetes insipidus. d. Cushing syndrome. ANS: A 112. This cone-shaped gland is located in the head and is called the “biological clock.” a. Posterior pituitary b. Hypothalamus c. Pineal d. Thymus ANS: C 113. Epinephrine (adrenaline) increases blood glucose by a. increasing transport of glucose into the cell. b. stimulating gluconeogenesis. c. stimulating the hepatic conversion of glycogen into glucose. d. converting fatty acids into glucose. ANS: C . Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank Chapter 16: Anatomy of the Heart Herlihy: The Human Body in Health and Illness, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump? a. Epicardium b. Myocardium c. Pericardium d. Endocardium ANS: B 2. Which slinglike structure supports the heart? a. Pericardium b. Chordae tendineae c. Myocardium d. Endocardium ANS: A 3. What is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium? a. Right atrium b. Right ventricle c. Left atrium d. Left ventricle ANS: D . 4. The right ventricle pumps blood to the a. right atrium. b. pulmonary veins. c. pulmonary artery. d. aorta. ANS: C 5. A vessel(s) that carry(ies) blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium is (are) the a. aorta. b. pulmonary artery. c. pulmonary veins. d. vena cava. ANS: C 6. The aorta receives blood from the a. right ventricle. b. pulmonary veins. c. pulmonary artery. d. left ventricle. ANS: D Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition Herlihy Test Bank 7. Blood flows from the right atrium through which atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle? a. Bicuspid b. Mitral c. Pulmonic d. Tricuspid ANS: D 8. Which of the following structures receives unoxygenated blood? a. Aorta b. Left ventricl