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Introduction, Securing and
Searching the Crime Scene,
Collection of Crime Scene
Evidence (Forensics)
Type Self
Materials Chapter 2.pdf
Reviewed
Chapter 1
Who is the father of forensics? What was he known for?
Edmond Locard (1877-1966)
Basic principle of forensics: Locard’s exchange principle
“Once contact is made between two surfaces, a transfer of materials will
occur.”
“Every contact leaves a trace.”
Introduction, Securing and Searching the Crime Scene, Collection of Crime Scene Evidence (Forensics) 1
, What are the function of forensic crime investigators/personnel (4)?
1. Define and secure areas which may contain evidence
2. To uncover physical evidence
a. do systematic examination on crime scene (large or small area)
b. help identify what happened and who was involved
3. Collect physical evidence
a. carefully and thoroughly
b. fragile evidence not destroyed
4. Preserve, package and submit evidence to laboratory
the better they are, more accurately define facts in a case
What are the function of forensic scientists (3)?
1. Analysis of physical evidence
a. apply principle of physical and natural sciences to identify type of
evidence uncovered
2. Expert witness
a. definition: possess particular skill/knowledge in a profession that’ll aid
court in determining the truth
3. Specially trained evidence collection technicians -CSI
a. have trained in proper recognition, collection and preservation of
evidence, allows:
i. non-contamination of evidence
ii. increase in evidential value
iii. forensic pathologists (medical examiner or coroner) do autopsy to
det. cause of death
What are some of the fields in forensic science?
1. forensic pathology
a. determine cause of death by autopsy
2. Forensic antrophology
a. identification and examination of skull remains (animal or human?)
Introduction, Securing and Searching the Crime Scene, Collection of Crime Scene Evidence (Forensics) 2
, b. If human: ethnicity, sex, approx. age, manner of death
3. Forensic entomology
a. study of insects and their developmental stage
b. Determination of time of death based on stage of life insect is in
4. Forensic Psychiatry
a. study of human behavior and legal proceedings (civil and criminal cases)
b. determine competency
c. criminal: evaluation of behavior disorders to establish psychological
profile of suspect
5. Forensic engineering
a. analyze construction accidents and cause and origin of fires or
explosions
6. DNA profiling
a. Forensic analysis to compare DNA profile of unknown evidence and
known samples (blood) of suspect and victim
b. assess likelihood of involvement
7. Forensic accounting
a. Investigate fraud or financial misrepresentation, analyse financial
information
b. allow lawyers to prosecute criminals (funding illegal activities ex); clients
resolve dispute
Chapter 2
Securing and Searching Crime Scene
What is the role of a forensic investigator (7)?
What is the role of the first responding officer?
FRO: first to arrive to scene of emergency or disaster
Securing the scene via limiting access and preserve scene with minimal
contamination
Introduction, Securing and Searching the Crime Scene, Collection of Crime Scene Evidence (Forensics) 3
Introduction, Securing and
Searching the Crime Scene,
Collection of Crime Scene
Evidence (Forensics)
Type Self
Materials Chapter 2.pdf
Reviewed
Chapter 1
Who is the father of forensics? What was he known for?
Edmond Locard (1877-1966)
Basic principle of forensics: Locard’s exchange principle
“Once contact is made between two surfaces, a transfer of materials will
occur.”
“Every contact leaves a trace.”
Introduction, Securing and Searching the Crime Scene, Collection of Crime Scene Evidence (Forensics) 1
, What are the function of forensic crime investigators/personnel (4)?
1. Define and secure areas which may contain evidence
2. To uncover physical evidence
a. do systematic examination on crime scene (large or small area)
b. help identify what happened and who was involved
3. Collect physical evidence
a. carefully and thoroughly
b. fragile evidence not destroyed
4. Preserve, package and submit evidence to laboratory
the better they are, more accurately define facts in a case
What are the function of forensic scientists (3)?
1. Analysis of physical evidence
a. apply principle of physical and natural sciences to identify type of
evidence uncovered
2. Expert witness
a. definition: possess particular skill/knowledge in a profession that’ll aid
court in determining the truth
3. Specially trained evidence collection technicians -CSI
a. have trained in proper recognition, collection and preservation of
evidence, allows:
i. non-contamination of evidence
ii. increase in evidential value
iii. forensic pathologists (medical examiner or coroner) do autopsy to
det. cause of death
What are some of the fields in forensic science?
1. forensic pathology
a. determine cause of death by autopsy
2. Forensic antrophology
a. identification and examination of skull remains (animal or human?)
Introduction, Securing and Searching the Crime Scene, Collection of Crime Scene Evidence (Forensics) 2
, b. If human: ethnicity, sex, approx. age, manner of death
3. Forensic entomology
a. study of insects and their developmental stage
b. Determination of time of death based on stage of life insect is in
4. Forensic Psychiatry
a. study of human behavior and legal proceedings (civil and criminal cases)
b. determine competency
c. criminal: evaluation of behavior disorders to establish psychological
profile of suspect
5. Forensic engineering
a. analyze construction accidents and cause and origin of fires or
explosions
6. DNA profiling
a. Forensic analysis to compare DNA profile of unknown evidence and
known samples (blood) of suspect and victim
b. assess likelihood of involvement
7. Forensic accounting
a. Investigate fraud or financial misrepresentation, analyse financial
information
b. allow lawyers to prosecute criminals (funding illegal activities ex); clients
resolve dispute
Chapter 2
Securing and Searching Crime Scene
What is the role of a forensic investigator (7)?
What is the role of the first responding officer?
FRO: first to arrive to scene of emergency or disaster
Securing the scene via limiting access and preserve scene with minimal
contamination
Introduction, Securing and Searching the Crime Scene, Collection of Crime Scene Evidence (Forensics) 3
