Medication Exam Preparation questions with correct answers

What should the nurse do if a patient's enteral feeding is still running when medication administration is indicated? Select all that apply. A. Use 30 to 45 mL of water to flush the tubing. B. Keep the patient flat during administration. C. Perform gastric suction after administration. D. Count the water intake as output on the intake and output record. E. Flush the tubing with water before and after feeding. Correct A. Use 30 to 45 mL of water to flush the tubing. E. Flush the tubing with water before and after feeding. The nurse flushes the tube with 30 to 45 mL of water before and after the feeding. The nurse flushes the tube before and after administration of medications. Flushing before administration clears the tube of feed. Flushing after medication administration clears the tube of medication and prevents clogging. The nurse raises the head of the bed during and after the feeding to prevent aspiration. To allow absorption time, gastric suction should not be used for 20 to 30 minutes after administration. Note that water intake associated with medication administration is counted as intake on the intake and output record. Which of the Six Rights of Medication Administration would prevent another nurse from duplicating the administration of a medication? 1. Right time 2. Right dosage 3. Right patient 4. Right documentation Correct 4. Right documentation The nurse must follow the Six Rights of Medication Administration. Documentation helps to prevent another nurse from erroneously giving the patient an extra dose. The right time indicates giving the medication at the correct time as per the prescription. The right dosage indicates administering the medication in the correct dosage, such as in milligrams or milliliters. Checking the identity of the patient before administering medication ensures that the right patient receives the medication. A patient is admitted to the hospital for hernia surgery and is informed of his patient rights. What rights does this patient have in regards to medication administration? Select all that apply. A. The right to receive unnecessary medications. B. The right to know the name and purpose of medications. C. The right to refuse a medication regardless of the consequences. D. The right to receive unlabeled medications safely without discomfort. E. The right to order the medication himself. Correct B. The right to know the name and purpose of medications. C. The right to refuse a medication regardless of the consequences. In accordance with the Patient Care Partnership and because of the potential risks related to medication administration, a patient has the right to know the name, purpose, action, and potential undesired effects of a medication, and can refuse a medication. The patient has the right not to receive unnecessary and unlabeled medications. The patient does not have the right to administer the medication himself, unless ordered so. In what forms can the nurse administer otic medications to a patient? Select all that apply. A. Extraocular disks B. Eardrops C. Injections D. Irrigations E. Ointments Correct B. Eardrops D. Irrigations Medications that are instilled into the ear are called otic medications. Two types of otic medications are available: eardrops and irrigations. Eardrops are used to treat ear infections and to soften cerumen (ear wax). Irrigations are used to remove foreign bodies and clean the ear canal. Extraocular disks are used to treat eye infections. Injections are parenteral medications, not otic medications. Ointments are not used in the ear because they are difficult to clean and may cause problems with hearing; ointments can be topical or ophthalmic. The nurse is evaluating whether a patient is taking prescribed medications correctly. Which patient practice indicates the need for additional instruction? Select all that apply. A. "I always check my medication before I take it." B. "I use multiple medication cups to prepare a single dose." C. "I use a plastic spoon as a measuring device to take syrups." D. "I use a scored tablet if the dose must be divided." E. "I notice that a part of my medication is often left in the crusher." Correct B. "I use multiple medication cups to prepare a single dose." C. "I use a plastic spoon as a measuring device to take syrups." E. "I notice that a part of my medication is often left in the crusher." Multiple devices, nonstandard measuring devices, and incomplete intake of prepared dose may violate the right dose of medication administration rights. Using multiple medication cups to prepare a single dose may result in leaving a part of the dose in the cups and lead to underdosage. A plastic spoon is a nonstandard measuring device and may cause changes in the prescribed doses. Leaving part of the crushed medication in the device may also lead to administration of an incorrect dose. Always checking medication before taking is an appropriate action that does not violate the six rights of medication administration and does not need to be addressed. Breaking tablets that are scored or grooved into pieces does not violate the rights of medication administration. The nurse is evaluating a student nurse who is administering solid medications to a patient through an enteral tube. Which behavior by the student nurse needs correction? 1. Allows the diluted medication to flow into the tube by gravity 2. Adds the medication directly to the feeding tube before initiating the feeding 3. Delays feeding for a designated time in case of interaction with the contents 4. Flushes the feeding tube with 15 to 30 mL of sterile water after placing it properly 2. Adds the medication directly to the feeding tube before initiating the feeding The nurse should never add solid medications directly to the feeding tube as it decreases its absorption and effectiveness. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the student to administer the medication either by grinding it into powder or by dissolving in 15 to 30 mL of sterile water. This helps to prevent clogging of the tube with the drug particles. Enteric-coated medications should be taken on an empty stomach to prevent their disintegration in the stomach. If the food material can interact with the drug, the nurse should delay the feeding for a designated time. It helps to prevent adverse effects caused by food and drug interaction. The nurse should also allow the diluted medication to flow into the tube directly under gravity or by pushing gently through the plunger to help prevent aspiration. The nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone knee replacement and will have decreased mobility for a period of time. Which medications does the nurse expect the primary health care provider to prescribe to prevent deep vein thrombosis (or blood clots) in this patient? Select all that apply. A. Heparin (Liquaemin) B. Warfarin (Coumadin) C. Enoxaparin (Lovenox) D. Metoprolol (Lopressor) E. Morphine sulfate (Roxanol) Correct A. Heparin (Liquaemin) B. Warfarin (Coumadin) C. Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Heparin (Liquaemin) is used to prevent the formation of blood clots. Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant drug that helps in preventing the formation of blood clots in patients with decreased mobility. Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is a low molecular weight heparin used to prevent blood clots. Other medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), and morphine sulfate (Roxanol) are not used to prevent deep vein thrombosis. Morphine sulfate (Roxanol) is an opioid analgesic that decreases pain by acting on the central nervous system. Metoprolol (Lopressor) is useful in relieving hypertension. A nurse who is responsible for dispensing medications understands that every patient requires a different dosage for a given drug. Various factors affect the absorption of drugs. Which factors influence absorption? Select all that apply. A. Total body weight B. Body temperature C. Route of administration D. Solubility E. Blood flow to the site of administration Correct C. Route of administration D. Solubility E. Blood flow to the site of administration Absorption is the passage of a drug from the administration site into the bloodstream. Several factors affect absorption: route of administration, ability of the drug to dissolve or become soluble, blood flow to the administration site, body surface area, and patient age. Absorption of drugs depends on body surface area, not on body weight. Body temperature does not affect the absorption of drugs. A patient with a sprained ankle is prescribed pain medications. The patient refuses to take the pain medications and insists on taking acupuncture treatment for pain relief. Which actions of the nurse indicate open-mindedness on the nurse's part? Select all that apply. A. Respect the patient's view. B. Insist the patient opt for pain killers only. C. Be insensitive to his or her own prejudices. D. Develop tolerance to differences of opinion. E. Discourage the patient against follow-up visits. . Correct A. Respect the patient's view. D. Develop tolerance to differences of opinion. Being open minded means the nurse respects the patient's views and develops tolerance to differences of opinion. Respecting the patient's beliefs helps the nurse gain the patient's trust and establishes a therapeutic relationship. The nurse should not insist on painkillers, as the patient is against taking them. In nursing practice, the nurse should be sensitive to his or her own prejudices. Further visits by the patient should be encouraged