COPD NCLEX REVIEW PEARSON QUESTIONS WITH RATIONALES A+ REVIEW 2023

COPD NCLEX REVIEW PEARSON QUESTIONS WITH RATIONALES A+ REVIEW 2023 Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable disease. It is characterized by periods of exacerbation, or flare-ups. Lung tissue is permanently damaged with each exacerbation and does not return to normal. COPD does cause the symptoms of dyspnea and increased sputum production, and it is a disorder that includes both bronchitis and emphysema. - ANS-A nurse is teaching a client about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. After a flare-up, the lung tissue returns to normal. B. COPD exacerbations cause shortness of breath and increased sputum production. C. COPD is a curable disease. D. Intermittent flare-ups of the symptoms are expected. E. COPD is a respiratory disorder that has components of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Rationale: Clients with chronic bronchitis will exhibit distended neck veins, a cough with sputumproduction, and wheezing. The client with emphysema would present with diminished breath sounds and a barrel chest. - ANS-The nurse is assessing a client who has chronic bronchitis. Which symptom should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.) A. Distended neck veins B. Cough with sputum production C. Wheezing D. Diminished breath sounds E. Barrel chest Rationale: Clinical findings that support the diagnosis of emphysema include a barrel chest, use of accessory muscles when breathing, and diminished breath sounds. A cough with copious amounts of sputum and hypercapnia are indicative of chronic bronchitis. - ANS-The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with emphysema. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.) A. Hypercapnia noted within laboratory results B. Use of accessory muscles when breathing C. Barrel chest D. Cough with copious amounts of sputum E. Diminished breath sounds Rationale: Cigarette smoking has been known to cause inhibited function of alveolar macrophages, airwaydestruction, and constricted smooth muscle. Cigarette smoking causes impaired ciliary movement, not enhanced ciliary movement. Cigarette smoking causes mucus-secreting glands to hypertrophy, not atrophy. - ANS-The nurse is describing the effects of smoking. Which effect should be included? Continues...