Biology 256 FINAL EXAM Questions and Answers 2023

Biology 256 FINAL EXAM Questions and Answers 2023 The sheet of connective tissue beneath skin around a muscle, providing a pathway for nerves and blood vessels is called the fascia The muscle cell plasma membrane is called sarcolemma A sarcomere is the area between two Z disks A motor unit is a motor neuron and myofibers it stimulates After nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceases, the acetycholine is destroyed by actyl choline esterase In muscle action potential, the wave of positive mV charge travels through the _____ to the sarcoplasm from the sarcolemma. T-tubles The number of muscle fibers in a contracted state in an otherwise relaxed muscle is known as its muscle tone A motor neuron and the myofibers it innervates is known as a(n) motor unit Which takes the longest time in a contracting skeletal myofiber? calcium ions bind to ___ in skeletal muscle cells troponin The warm-up period required of athletes in order to bring their muscles to peak performance is called Treppe what surrounds the individual muscle cell endomysium Oxygen is stored in myofibers on/in? myoglobin The blood vessel type removing Co2 and waste from the tissues is the vein The molecule binding calcium in smooth muscle is calmodulin Which blood protein(s) serve as antibodies that tag foreign substances for elimination from the body gamma globulins what might trigger erythropoiesis? increased tissue demand for oxygen Glucose delivered to a recovering myofiber is used to reestablish glycogen stores Smooth muscle is significantly different from striated muscle in several ways. Which of the following is true? if a doctor orders a blood test requiring the use of serum, no anticoagulant should be added Formed elements found in the blood that are about 7-8 Um in diameter with no nuclei are erythrocytes The primary organs whose macrophages are responsible for phagocytizing worn-out red blood cells are the spleen and liver A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale red blood cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of: pernicious anemia what is a precursor of a monocyte monoblast The normal neutrophil percentage of while blood cells is? above 50% A person with chronic leukemia is ___ likely to suffer a bacterial infection in/on their body. more The father is Rh- and the mother is Rh+. They have had three children without adverse problems due to the Rh factor. The mother is pregnant again. In terms of the Rh factor, the risk to this fetus never was a problem Initiation of a cardiac action potential in contracting cardiac muscle cells begins with opening voltage gated fast sodium channels If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from lack o oxygen in myofibers During a normal cardiac cycle, the atria contract when they are directly stimulated by the sinoatrial node where is the pacemaker of the heart located? right atrium input from the sympathetic nervous system casues the heart rate to? increase EKG with ventricular fibrullation Normal EKG The first heard sound is caused by.. closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves the tricuspid valve is closed when the right ventricle is in systole The Stroke volume for a normal resting heart is ___ ml/ beat. 70 On average, normal resting cardiac output for an adult is about 5 liters/min what factors influence heart rate? age, body temp, sex The effect of endurance-type athletic training may be to lower the resting heart rate. This phenomenon is caused by hypertrophy of the heart muscle Control of blood flow through a capillary bed occurs at its pre capillary sphincter peripheral resistance increases as blood viscosity increases what blood vessel would you find has the highest blood pressure? aorta Which provides a long-term control for blood pressure? nervous system aldosterone will increase your bp pulse is measured in the arteries what is NOT a risk factor for essential hypertension circulatory shock blood flow to the skin.... increases when environmental temp rises Acute hypotension may be result of... large-scale blood loss If the osmotic pressure in the blood vessels is lower than that in the tissues, tissue ___ will result. edema Which requires nervous system input for stimulation of muscle contraction? skeletal muscle muscle fiber sacroplasmic reticulum myofibril