Burns Pediatric Primary Care 7th Edition 2023 With Complete Solution

Epigastric pain can be from issues in which areas/organs: - Answer Liver, biliary tree, pancreas, stomach, and duodenum Periumbilical pain can be caused by issues in which areas/organs: - Answer distal end of the small intestine, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon Colonic pain is caused by issues in which area - Answer Lower abdomin Suprapubic pain is caused by issues in which organs/area? - Answer distal intestine, urinary tract, pelvic organs, Common Diagnositc studies for abdominal pain/issues - Answer UA & culture, CBC w/diff, CMP,BMP, ESR,CRP, Thyroid Panel Stool= O&P, culture, WBC, pH, reducing substances, fat collection Pregnancy tests, Urine for gonorrhea, chlamydia and Pap smear/Vaginal cultures Common diagnostic studies for GI issues - Answer XR, US, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine Specialized tests that can be ordered - Answer Duodenal Aspirate, Esophageal pH probe, Capsule endoscopy, breath hydrogen test, and sweat chloride test Indications for Duodenal Aspirate - Answer diarrhea from things like giardia, unintentional weight loss, dyspepsia(reflux/GERD), and abdominal pain A hydrogen breath test can help diagnose: - Answer IBS, Intestinal Methanogen overgrowth, rapid small bowel transit time, and possibly esophageal and gastric cancer in early stages. Sweat chloride test is used to diagnose: - Answer Cystic Fibrosis. This is usually done when a patient is having digestive problems, & FTT along with history of respiratory issues. Most common reasons for the use of Probiotics - Answer IBS, Infectious diarrhea, antibiotic associated diarrhea, and colic What is Colic? - Answer Crying for no apparent reason that lasts > 3 hrs/day and occurs > 3 days/wk in otherwise healthy infant <3months Potential causes of vomiting in Newborn or young infants - Answer infectious process, congenital GI anomaly, CNS abnormality, or newborn errors of metabolism Potential causes of vomiting in Infants or young children - Answer Gastroenteritis, GERD, milk/soy protien allergies, pyloric stenosis or obstructive lesion, inborn errors of metabolism, intussusception, child abuse, &intracranial mass Potential causes of vomiting in older children and adolescents - Answer Gastroenteritis, systemic illness, CNS (cyclic vomiting syndrome, abdominal migraine, meningitis, brain tumor), intussusception, rumination, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, pregnancy _________ is one of the most common symptoms in childhood. - Answer vomiting Non-bilious vomiting is generally caused by: - Answer infection, inflammation, and metabolic, neurologic, or psychological problems. An ------- -------- generally causes causes bilious vomiting. - Answer obstructive lesion Bloody vomit comes from: - Answer active bleeding in the upper GI tract (gastritis, peptic ulcer disease) Rumination Syndrome - Answer a condition in which people repeatedly and unintentionally spit up (regurgitate) undigested or partially digested food from the stomach, rechew it, and then either reswallow it or spit it out. Usually seen in infants under 1 year of age. What is superior mesenteric artery syndrome? - Answer a digestive condition that occurs when the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) is compressed between two arteries (the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery). This compression causes partial or complete blockage of the duodenum. Clinical signs of dehydration - Answer Capillary refill >2 seconds, slow rebound on skin turgor, & tachypnea. Sunken eyes, Dry mucous membranes, presence of tears, decreased UOP. Stages of dehydration minimal or none: - Answer <3% loss of body weight, assessment wnl Stages of dehydration Mild to Moderate: - Answer 3%-9% loss of body weight, fatigued or restless, irritable, thirsty eager to drink, eyes slightly sunken, decreased tears, dry mouth, skin recoil <2sec, prolonged cap refill, cool extremities, decreased UOP Stages of dehydration severe: - Answer >9% loss of body weight, lethargic, apathetic, unconscious, unable to drink, tachycardia, bradycardia in most severe cases, weak thready or impalpable pulses, deep breathing, deeply sunken eyes, absent tears, parched mouth, recoil of skin >2 seconds or tenting, prolonged or minimal cap refill, cold, mottled cyanotic extremities, minimal or no UOP. Children require relatively ____________dosages of H2RAs than adults. - Answer higher Types of Histamine 2 receptor blockers (H2RAs) - Answer Famotidine (pepcid) and Ranitidine (zantac) Famotidine (pepcid) dosage for infants 1-3 months - Answer 0.5mg/kg/dose once daily for up to 8 weeks Famotidine (pepcid) dosage for infants >3 months- 1yr - Answer 0.5mg/kg/dose every 12h (maximum dose:20mg/dose) Ranitidine (zantac) dosage for infants >1 month children <16yrs - Answer 4-8mg/kg/day divided twice daily (max dose:300 mg) Ranitidine (zantac) dosage for children >16yrs - Answer 150mg stice daily or 300mg once HS Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) used for peds - Answer Lansoprazole (prevacid) Omeprazole (prilosec) Pantoprazole (protonix) Lansoprazole (prevacid) dose for children 1-11 years old <30kg - Answer 15mg once daily for up to 12 weeks Lansoprazole (prevacid) dose for children 1-11 years old >30kg - Answer 30mg once daily for up to 12 weeks Omeprazole (prilosec) dose for children >1 year old 5-10kg - Answer 5mg once daily for up to 12 weeks Omeprazole (prilosec) dose for children >1 year old 10-20kg - Answer 10 mg once daily for up to 12 weeks Omeprazole (prilosec) dose for children >1 year old >30kg - Answer 20mg once daily for up to 12 weeks