Foundations of Mental Health care (Chapter 1) Questions and Answers 2023

Foundations of Mental Health care (Chapter 1) Questions and Answers 2023 How would you define someone as mentally healthy? A state of emotional, psychological, and social wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability How would you define someone as mentally ill? Individuals experience dissatisfaction with self, relationships and ineffective coping. Daily life an seem overwhelming of unbearbale. Individuals may believe that their situation is hopeless health-illness continuum description of a person's health status as a range with anchors that include poor health or imminent death on one end of the continuum to high-level wellness on the other end Mental health difficult to define; no single, universal definition; dynamic, ever-changing state What is the DSM-V? A taxonomy published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and describes all mental disorders, outlining specific diagnostic criteria for each based on clinical experience and research What is a taxonomy? Mental disorders, outlining specific diagnostic criteria for each based on clinical experience and research What did they think about mental illness in the ancient times? Sickness as displeasure of gods: punishment for sins; view as demonic or divine Who is Dorothea Dix? What did she do? During the Period of Enlightenment (1790's), she opened 32 state hospitals that offered asylum to the suffering, and believed that society was obligated to those who were mentally ill and advocated adequate shelter, nutritious food and warm clothing Who is Sigmund Freud? Developed psychoanalytic theory, scientific study and treatment of mental illness. He challenged society to view human begins objectively, and studied the mind, it's disorders and their treatments What is psychopharmacology and what were the first drugs developed? Development of psychotropic drugs; chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and lithium. Drugs actually reduced agitation, psychotic thinking, and depression and hospital stays were shortened, and many people were becoming well enough to go home community mental health centers October 1963 Centers created for those who have no access to private mental health care. The range of services available at such centers varies, but generally they provide emergency services, adult services, and children's services. mental health system act Passed by congress in 1980,addressed community mental health care and clients' rights and established priorities for research and training. What is deinstitutionalization? A deliberate shift from institutional care in state hospitals to community facilities. It accomplished the release of individuals from long-term stays in state institutions, the decrease in admissions to hospitals, and the development of community-based services as an alternative to hospital care What is legislation for disability income? Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Income (SSDI). It allowed people with severe and persistent mental illness to be more independent financially. It was federally funded How did the changes in the commitment laws affect people? It made it more difficult to commit people for mental health treatment against their will What is the current state of mental illness in the 21st century? -More than 18.6% of Americans 18 & older have diagnosable mental disorders -15 million adults, 4 million children and adolescents with impaired daily activities -Economic burden exceeds that by all types of cancer -Leading cause of disability in United States and Canada for those 15-44 years of age -1 in 4 adults and 1 in 5 children and adults getting care needed What are some issues and concerns about mental illness in the 21st century? -"Revolving-door" effect due to deinstitutionalization -Shorter hospital stays, decompensation, rehospitalization, dual diagnoses -Homelessness (1/3 estimated to have serious mental illness and over 2/3 with substance abuse problems) -Lack of adequate community resources What are some objectives for the future about mental illness? -Increase the number of people who are identified, diagnosed, treated, and helped to live healthier lives -Decrease rates of suicide and homelessness -To increase employment among those with serious mental illness -Provide more services both for juveniles and for adults who are incarcerated and have mental health problems How would you define community-based care? Persons with minor or mild cases are more likely to receive treatment, whereas those with severe and persistent mental illness are least likely to be treated What are community support programs? What do they focus on? Programs developed to meet the needs of persons with mental illness outside the walls of the institution, they focus on rehabilitation, vocational needs, education, and socialization as well as on management of symptoms and medications What are some disadvantages of community support programs? The program didn't accurately anticipate the extent of the needs, and many clients do not have the skills needed to live independently in the community, and teaching these skills is often time-consuming and labor intensive What are some advantages of community support programs? Clients can remain in their communities, maintain contact with family and friends, and enjoy personal freedom that is not possible in an institution What is Managed Care? When did it begin? A concept designed to purposely control the balance between the quality of care provided and the cost of that care, and began in the early 1970s What are Utilization review firms or managed care organizations? Organizations to control the expenditure of insurance funds by requiring providers to seek approval before the delivery of care What is case management? Someone who provides care on a case-by-case basis, represented an effort to provide necessary services while containing cost. They coordinate all types of care needed by the client What is Medicare? It covers people 65 years and older, people with permanent kidney failure, and people with certain disabilities What is Medicaid? It is jointly funded by the federal and state governments and covers low-income individuals and families. It covers people receiving either SSI and SSDI until they reach 65 years of age What is the Mental Health Parity Act? This act eliminated the annual and lifetime dollar amounts for mental health care for companies with more than 50 employees, but substance abuse was not covered by this and companies could still limit the number of days in the hospital or the number clinic visits per year Who is considered the first American psychiatric nurse? Linda Richards who graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston in 1873. She believed that "the mentally sick should be at least as well cared for as the physically sick" Where did psychiatric training for nurses begin? It began in 1882 at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. The care was primarily custodial and focused on nutrition, hygiene, and activity What are Standards of Care? Authoritative statements by professional organizations that describe the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable. They are used to determine safe and acceptable practice and to assess the quality of care