Counselling Theories - CBT, Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy
Core tenets of CBT - correct answer 1. Collaborative client/therapist relationship. Both active.
2. Psychological distress is the result of disturbances in cognitive processes.
3. Focus: Changing thoughts to change affect and behavior
4. Present-centered, time limited
5. Active and directive therapist stance
6. Educational treatment for specific and structured target problems.
Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) - correct answer - Stresses thinking, judging, deciding,
analyzing and doing.
- Cognitions, emotions, and behaviours interact significantly: have cause and effect relationship.
- Skills to identify and dispute irrational beliefs and replace with rational cognitions in order to change
emotional reactions.
- Focus is on thinking and acting, not feeling
- Therapy is education, therapist is teacher
REBT Nature of Persons - correct answer - People contribute to their own psychological problems, as well
as to specific symptoms, by the rigid and extreme beliefs they hold about events and situations.
- People are capable of both rational and irrational thinking.
- People are wired for self preservation, happiness, thinking, verbalizing, loving, communion, growth and
self actualization. Also Self-destruction, avoidance, procrastination, repetition of mistakes, superstition,
intolerance, perfectionism.
REBT Emotional Disturbance - correct answer - Irrational beliefs are learned in childhood and re-created
in adult life.
- These beliefs are reinforced through auto suggestion and self-repetition
- They effect behaviour
, - Clients are encouraged to be less reactive emotionally (sad not depressed).
- Clients are encouraged let go of self-blame and accept themselves.
- Clients are encouraged to let go of "shoulds" and "musts" as they cause disruptive feelings and
dysfunctional behaviours.
ABC Framework - correct answer A (activating agent) <<< B (belief) >>> C (emotional and behavioural
consequences)
^
^
D (Disputing interventions)>>> E (effect)>>>F (new feeling)
Three D's of disputing - correct answer Detecting, Debating, and Discriminating
- Detect irrational beliefs, Debate belief, and discriminate between rational and irrational thought.
Cognitive Restructuring - correct answer Central technique of cognitive therapy. Replacing irrational
beliefs with rational beliefs. Monitoring self-talk, identifying maladaptive self-talk, and substituting
adaptive self-talk.
Steps to philosophical restructuring - correct answer 1. Fully acknowledging that we are largely
responsible for creating our own emotional problems.
2. Accepting our ability to change.
3. Recognizing that our emotional problems stem from irrational beliefs.
4. Clearly perceiving these beliefs.
5. Seeing the value of disputing.
6. Accepting that change takes work.
7. Understanding the rational alternatives.
8. Practicing REBT methods of disputing throughout one's life.
REBT methods - correct answer 1. Disputing irrational beliefs
2. Doing cognitive homework
Behavioral Therapy
Core tenets of CBT - correct answer 1. Collaborative client/therapist relationship. Both active.
2. Psychological distress is the result of disturbances in cognitive processes.
3. Focus: Changing thoughts to change affect and behavior
4. Present-centered, time limited
5. Active and directive therapist stance
6. Educational treatment for specific and structured target problems.
Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) - correct answer - Stresses thinking, judging, deciding,
analyzing and doing.
- Cognitions, emotions, and behaviours interact significantly: have cause and effect relationship.
- Skills to identify and dispute irrational beliefs and replace with rational cognitions in order to change
emotional reactions.
- Focus is on thinking and acting, not feeling
- Therapy is education, therapist is teacher
REBT Nature of Persons - correct answer - People contribute to their own psychological problems, as well
as to specific symptoms, by the rigid and extreme beliefs they hold about events and situations.
- People are capable of both rational and irrational thinking.
- People are wired for self preservation, happiness, thinking, verbalizing, loving, communion, growth and
self actualization. Also Self-destruction, avoidance, procrastination, repetition of mistakes, superstition,
intolerance, perfectionism.
REBT Emotional Disturbance - correct answer - Irrational beliefs are learned in childhood and re-created
in adult life.
- These beliefs are reinforced through auto suggestion and self-repetition
- They effect behaviour
, - Clients are encouraged to be less reactive emotionally (sad not depressed).
- Clients are encouraged let go of self-blame and accept themselves.
- Clients are encouraged to let go of "shoulds" and "musts" as they cause disruptive feelings and
dysfunctional behaviours.
ABC Framework - correct answer A (activating agent) <<< B (belief) >>> C (emotional and behavioural
consequences)
^
^
D (Disputing interventions)>>> E (effect)>>>F (new feeling)
Three D's of disputing - correct answer Detecting, Debating, and Discriminating
- Detect irrational beliefs, Debate belief, and discriminate between rational and irrational thought.
Cognitive Restructuring - correct answer Central technique of cognitive therapy. Replacing irrational
beliefs with rational beliefs. Monitoring self-talk, identifying maladaptive self-talk, and substituting
adaptive self-talk.
Steps to philosophical restructuring - correct answer 1. Fully acknowledging that we are largely
responsible for creating our own emotional problems.
2. Accepting our ability to change.
3. Recognizing that our emotional problems stem from irrational beliefs.
4. Clearly perceiving these beliefs.
5. Seeing the value of disputing.
6. Accepting that change takes work.
7. Understanding the rational alternatives.
8. Practicing REBT methods of disputing throughout one's life.
REBT methods - correct answer 1. Disputing irrational beliefs
2. Doing cognitive homework
