Botanical Diversity - Must Take With Biol 3071 Crn 1514 (BIOL 3070)

• What is the dominant phase of life cycle of vascular plants? - Sporophyte phase of sporic life cycle • What are vascular plants believed to be descendant from? - Green algae: Chlorophyta • What 2 groups are vascular plants divided into? - Seed plants and seedless plants • What are characteristics ofseedless plants? - Release spores, • When were extinct seedless vascular plants common? What was the Era common for? – During the Devonian Period of the Paleozoic Era: 400 MYA; Spore releasing plants and "fish" • What were the first plants with a dominant sporophyte phase? - Rhyniophyta • Describe Phylum Rhyniophyta: Extinct seedless vascular plants – Plants with dominant sporophyte phase, with a rhizome and erect branches with protostele • Describe a protostele - Primary vascular tissue composed of a central core of xylem surrounded by phloem • What did rhynia result in? - Rhynia: Resulted in 2 other phyla that are extinct. Cause this by reduction in the branches bearing sporangia • What two extinct phylum resulted from shortening of the sporangia containing branches Rhynia? - Zosterophyllophyta and Trimerophyllophyta • Example of phylum Zosterophyllophta: Extinctseedless vascular plants- Zosterophyllum • Describe phylum Zosterophyllophta: Extinct seedless vascular plants- Lateralsporangia on short branches on sides of erect stems • Describe phylum trimerophyllophyta: Extinct seedless vascular plants- Clusters ofsporangia with enations • Describe Enations- Scale-like photosynthetic extensions on erect branches • What are the four "Extant" seedless vascular plants (still living) - Phylum; Psilotophyta, T • Example of phylum psilotophyta: extant vascularseedless plants- Psilotum • Describe psilotum - Only member of phylum, resembles 1st vascular plants, dichotomous with forked branches, tropical and subtropical, with rhizome • Describe branches and sporangia of psilotophyta - Forked erect branches with enations: • Fused into groups of 3s, yellow at maturity • Describe enations of phylum psilotophyta - No vascular tissue, forked if found under sporangia on the erect branch • Describe rhizome of phylum psilotophyta - no roots, rhizoids, mycorrhizal fungi • What are homospores? - Does not produce male and female spores • What are the two types of leaves? - Mirophyll with unbranched veins. (vascular bundle) Megaphyll with branched veins • How do we think lycophyta evolved from Zo? - Webbing over the branches. • Describe the webbing that covers leaves and branches- Expansion of thin photosynthetic tissue from green branches of the first vascular plants • Describe phylum Lycophyta - Microphylls, • Describe genus Lycopodium; Phylum Lycophyta - Few localspecies, has a rhizome on top of the soil, aerial branches, have strobili, • Describe the aerial branches of genus Lycopodium; Phylum Lycophyta - microphylls veins,sporophylls(leaves with sporangia), spores, lycopodium powder • What is lycopodium powder? - Flammable; was used for camera flashes and fireworks Continues...