Evolve Comprehensive HESI Review 2023 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS AND RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+|

Evolve Comprehensive HESI Review 2023 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS AND RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+| 1. What antihypertensive medication is cardio selective in that it can be used for patients with asthma? - ANSWER- Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) 2. Can antihypertensive medications be discontinued abruptly? - ANSWER- NO -- Antihypertensive meds should be tapered over 1-2 weeks to prevent rebound cardiac excitation (i.e., rebound tachycardia, hypertension, and ventricular dysrhythmias) GRADUAL WEANING IS RECOMMENDED 3. What is a common side effect of clonidine (Catapres, Dracon)? (NOTE: It is a sedative and antihypertensive drug) - ANSWER- Drowsiness -- This S.E. can occur in the early weeks with clonidine. With continued use, this side effects becomes less intense. If a pt. complains of drowsiness r/t this med, ask them how long they've been taking it. 4. Atropine (an anticholinergic) is used preop. Why is this?? - ANSWER- It decreases the risk of bradycardia during surgery. It increases the automaticity of the SA node and prevents a dangerous reduction in HR during surgical anesthesia. 5. An 80-year-old pt. that is taking morphine for pain postop should be careful taking what other med in addition to morphine due to the risk of urinary retention? - ANSWER- Tricyclic antidepressants -- they have anticholinergic properties and can further exacerbate urinary retention in an older patient. 6. How are NSAIDS different from acetaminophen?? - ANSWER- NSAIDS provide anti-inflammatory properties 7. A pt. with previous alcohol abuse and whom is currently taking acetaminophen is at an increased risk of damage to what organ? - ANSWER- Liver 8. A pt. has a HR of 92 and a BP of 110/76. They are scheduled to take a dose of verapamil (Callan) (i.e., a CCB and anti HTN) to treat atrial flutter. Can the nurse administer this medication?? - ANSWER- YES 9. A pt. is admitted with type 2 diabetes and the flu. How should the nurse categorize this pt.'s illness to develop goals for their plan of care? - ANSWER- One acute illness and one chronic illness 10. Following an emergency C-section, the nurse encourages the mom to immediately breastfeed the NB infant. Why does the nurse do this? - ANSWER- This will stimulate uterine contraction -- with each suck of the breast, oxytocin is released from the posterior pituitary which stimulates the release of colostrum and thus, contracts the uterus. The overall GOAL is to prevent uterine hemorrhage. 11. A female pt. is admitted to the inpatient psych unit with PPD. Is it important for her to see her baby? - ANSWER- Yes -- structured visits that are supervised and guided provide an opportunity for mom and infant to bond. 12. A 16-year-old pt. is admitted with a fracture and needs surgery to immobilize the fracture. How should a valid informed consent be obtained? - ANSWER- Obtain the permission of the custodial parent(s) -- the pt. is a minor and it not emancipated and so cannot legally sign on his own. 13. What is the first step in problem solving? - ANSWER- Identifying the problem -- then you can consider the alternatives and the likely outcomes of the alternatives. 14. A pt. has the following problem: "Imbalanced nutrition r/t mental impairment and decreased intake aeb confusion and wt. loss of more than 30 lbs. over the last 6 months." What is a realistic short-term goal for this pt. to achieve?? - ANSWER- Eat 50% of 6 small meals each day by the end of one week Goals should be set to 7-10 days before discharge Goals need to be attainable 15. A client is angry and is leaving AMA. He demands to take his chart with him and states that it is "his" chart and wants to leave with it. Is what he is saying true? - ANSWER- The chart is property of the hospital BUT the pt. has a legal right to the info in it and so a copy of the record should be provided to him. 16. When a nurse is making their daily schedule and considering what tasks are most important to do first...what nursing activity would take priority? - ANSWER- Med administration -- scheduled activities come before PRN needs