HESI RN EVOLVE Nutrition Practice Exam

The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). What information is most important for the RN to teach the client about life-style changes? A. Daily fingerstick glucose monitoring. B. Regular exercise program. C. Portion-controlled, heart healthy diet selections. D. Compliance with oral hypoglycemic medications. C. Portion-controlled, heart healthy diet selections. -The priority action of self-management is reinforcing dietary life-style changes, such as portioncontrolled, heart healthy diet selections (C), to achieve tight blood glucose control and to prevent complications with DM. (A, B, and D) are important in the management of DM but do not have the priority of (C). The registered nurse (RN) suspects that a female client is altering her own diabetic journals to please her healthcare provider. Which laboratory test should the RN review to assess the client's compliance with self management for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)? A. Oral glucose tolerance test (GTT). B. 24-hour urine analysis. C. Hemoglobin A1c. D. Fasting cholesterol. C. Hemoglobin A1c. -The A1c (C) measures the average blood glucose level over the past 3 months, including the past 24- hour period, and should be used to compare with the client's diabetic journal. GTT (A) is used to screen for DM. (B and D) do not evaluate the client's blood glucose levels. The registered nurse (RN) is assessing a client regarding the need to increase vitamin B12 after undergoing a subtotal gastrectomy. Which foods should the RN instruct the client to include in the diet? A. Cheese, eggs, and fish. B. Lentils, dried fruits, and soybeans. C. Potatoes, mushrooms, and yogurt. D. Nuts, brown rice, and sunflower seeds. A. Cheese, eggs, and fish. -After a subtotal gastrectomy, there is less secretion of gastric intrinsic factor, which is needed to absorb nutritional vitamin B12. Recommending foods rich in B12, such as cheese, eggs, fish (A), increase the available B12 and should be recommended. (B) are good protein sources rich in iron, and (C and D) provide other vital elements but do not supplement the availability of dietary B12 . The home health registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client with a stage III pressure ulcer. The RN recognizes which food groupthat contains zinc should be added to the client's dietto aid in wound healing? A. Cheese and eggs. B. Green apples and berries. C. Meats and shellfish. D. Complex carbohydrates. C. Meats and shellfish. -(C) is enriched with zinc and promotes wound healing. (A, B, and D) are not enriched with zinc. The registered nurse (RN) receives four new admissions in an assisted living community. After reviewing the clients' medical histories, which client should the RN assess for a higher caloric diet? A. A client with osteoporosis. B. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus. C. A client with rheumatoid arthritis. D. A client with bacterial pneumonia. D. A client with bacterial pneumonia. -A client with an active infection requires an increase in caloric intake to combat the infection (D). (A, B, and C) do not require an increase of calories to alleviate signs and symptoms related to these chronic illnesses. The registered nurse (RN) in an assisted living community is assisting an Orthodox Jewish client make weekly dinner choices. Which main course selections should the RN suggest that are suitable for a kosher diet? A. Lamb chops with mint jelly. B. Crab cakes with cocktail sauce. C. Pork chops with cranberry relish. D. Steak with cream sauce. A. Lamb chops with mint jelly. -Kashrut is the body of Jewish religious law dealing with foods that can and cannot be eaten and how those foods must be prepared and eaten, which Orthodox Jews follow to "keep the diet kosher." Lamb (A) is a food selection within the guidelines of Jewish religious law. Shellfish is restricted and not within kosher guidelines (B). (C) is the byproduct of an animal that is considered unclean and not allowed to be consumed. Meat and dairy cannot be mixed together on a plate or during a meal, so (D) should not be a recommended choice. The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client with continuous feeding through a nasogastric (NG) tube at a continuous care rehabiltation community. Which position should the RN place the client to prevent aspiration? A. Trendelenburg. B. Semi-Fowler's. C. Sims. D. Supine. B. Semi-Fowler's