Spinal Cord Injury LATEST WITH 270+ REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |AGRADE

Spinal Cord Injury LATEST WITH 270+ REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |AGRADE common causes of spinal cord injuries? - ANWERS- motor vehicle accidents; falls; acts of violence; sports related injuries primary prevention for spinal cord injuries? - ANWERS- education (accident prevention, helmets etc.) and preventing falls C4 injury means? - ANWERS- quadriplegia and can't breathe if brain stem is affected C6 injury means? - ANWERS- quadriplegia T6 injury means? - ANWERS- paraplegia and worried about diaphragm L1 injury means? - ANWERS- paraplegia treatment for hematoma in spine? - ANWERS- surgery to evacuate blood deficits due to initial impact? - ANWERS- primary injury is the actual physical disruption of axons in the spine deficits due to secondary injury? - ANWERS- ongoing physiologic changes like ischemia, hypoxia, microhemorrhage and edema spinal cord injury can be defined as injury due to _______? - ANWERS- cord compression (bone displacement, interruption of blood supply to cord, pulling on spinal cord) hyperflexion? - ANWERS- bending forward too much hyperextension? - ANWERS- bedding backward too much axial loading and vertical compression? - ANWERS- too much pressure on the top of head rotation? - ANWERS- vertebral vessels tear primary injury damage to the SC? - ANWERS- concussion (temporary loss of function) and contusion (bruising, bleeding causes edema and possible neuronal death) interventions for primary injury to SC? - ANWERS- chilling (decrease body temp so cells need less oxygen, giving them time to repair); oxygen therapy laceration of the spinal cord? - ANWERS- tear in the spinal cord results in permanent injury including contusion, edema and cord compression transection of the spinal cord? - ANWERS- severing of the spinal cord resulting in complete loss of function below the level of injury why do we stabilize the neck after injury? - ANWERS- unstable vertebrae can puncture the spinal cord how long do you wait to know what the prognosis is of an injury? - ANWERS- 72 hours hemorrhage in the spinal cord? - ANWERS- results in edema and cord compression; damage to blood vessels causes ischemia and infarction two things the brain and spinal cord need? - ANWERS- oxygen and glucose what is released when cell membranes are destroyed in the primary injury to SC? - ANWERS- free radicals secondary SC injury issues that occur? - ANWERS- cellular damage; vascular damage; structural changes in gray and white matter neurogenic shock is characterized by what main physiological change? - ANWERS- VASODILATION neurogenic shock occurs if patient's SCI is at or above ___? - ANWERS- T6 (loss of sympathetic nervous system causes bradycardia and decreased SVR) blood pools during neurogenic shock resulting in? - ANWERS- hypotension decreased cardiac output neurogenic shock contributes to? - ANWERS- hypoperfusion secondary injury steps in nursing care of patient with SCI? - ANWERS- airway, breathing and circulation; immobilization of the spine to prevent further injury; baseline assessment of motor and sensory function; hypothermia or barb coma key piece of neuro assessment for patient with SCI? - ANWERS- put temporary marker at the place where sensation stops on body; compare to past assessments to see changes and progress or worsening of paralysis or paresthesia how frequently should you assess motor and sensory function during acute SCI? - ANWERS- every 1-4 hours if edema at injury site, possibility of? - ANWERS- decrease in motor function, loss of vertebral alignment or hematoma formation extent of injury and prognosis is determined at? - ANWERS- 72 hours or more severity of deficits caused by a SCI is determined by which two things? - ANWERS- is injury complete or incomplete level of the spinal cord SCI can't be formally determined until ____________ is resolved? - ANWERS- spinal shock what treats pain of pinched nerve? - ANWERS- NSAIDs spinal shock recovery? - ANWERS- gradual; neuron by neuron; measured by return of reflexes C1-C8? - ANWERS- cervical nerves T1 - T6? - ANWERS- chest muscles T7 - T12? - ANWERS- abdominal muscles T1 - T12? - ANWERS- thoracic nerves L1 - L5? - ANWERS- lumbar nerves; leg muscles S1 - S5? - ANWERS- sacral nerves; bowel, bladder, sexual function incomplete SCI? - ANWERS- mixed loss of motor and sensory function because some spinal tracts remain intact incomplete SCI examples? - ANWERS- central cord syndrome; anterior cord syndrome; Brown-Sequard's syndrome (lateral cord) central cord syndrome mechanism of injury? - ANWERS- hyperextension in cervical region (more weakness in upper extremities)