INTRODUCTION TO BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY
DEFINITIONS:
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body.
Physiology is the study of the functions of the body.
BODY TYPES
Human beings are not built exactly alike, but we can group individuals into three
major categories. These groups represent basic body shapes.
1. ECTOMORPH = slim individual
2. ENDOMORPH = broad individual
3. MESOMORPH = body type between the two others, "muscular" type
MORPH = body/ body form
ECTO = all energy is outgoing
ENDO = all energy is stored inside
MESO = between/ in the middle
TYPES OF ANATOMICAL STUDIES
Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that cannot be seen with the nak ed
eye. You need to use a microscope.
Gross anatomy is the study of organ systems
Neuroanatomy I s t h e study of the nervous system.
Functional anatomy is the study of relationships between functions and structures.
ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY
The human body is organized into cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the
total organism.
Cells the smallest living unit of body construction.
A tissue is a grouping of like cells working together. E.g. muscle tissue.
, An organ is a structure composed of several different tissues performing
a particular function. E.g. the heart.
Organ systems are groups of organs which works together to perform an
overall function. E.g. the digestive system.
The total organism is the individual human being.
REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY
The human body is a single, total composite.
Everything works together.
Each part acts in association with ALL other parts. Whereas, is also a series of
regions.
These regions are:
a. Head and Neck. The brain, eyes, ears, mouth, pharynx, and larynx are found
in this region.
b. Back and Trunk. The trunk includes the thorax (chest) and abdomen.
The lungs, the heart, the digestive system and pelvis are found here.
The perineum is the part of the body forming the floor of the pelvis.
c. Members. They are two types:
1. Upper member includes a shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
2. Lower member includes a hip, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
Scientific term - Is a word that names or gives special information about a structure
or process.
Some scientific terms have two or three different parts. That is:
1. A PREFIX
2. A ROOT/BASE
3. A SUFFIX.
NAME PREFIX ROOT/BASE SUFFIX Meaning
meanin meanin meaning
g g
Tonsillitis TONSIL ITIS inflammatio inflammation
n of the tonsils
Subcutaneous SUB below CUTIS skin below the skin
DEFINITIONS:
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body.
Physiology is the study of the functions of the body.
BODY TYPES
Human beings are not built exactly alike, but we can group individuals into three
major categories. These groups represent basic body shapes.
1. ECTOMORPH = slim individual
2. ENDOMORPH = broad individual
3. MESOMORPH = body type between the two others, "muscular" type
MORPH = body/ body form
ECTO = all energy is outgoing
ENDO = all energy is stored inside
MESO = between/ in the middle
TYPES OF ANATOMICAL STUDIES
Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that cannot be seen with the nak ed
eye. You need to use a microscope.
Gross anatomy is the study of organ systems
Neuroanatomy I s t h e study of the nervous system.
Functional anatomy is the study of relationships between functions and structures.
ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY
The human body is organized into cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the
total organism.
Cells the smallest living unit of body construction.
A tissue is a grouping of like cells working together. E.g. muscle tissue.
, An organ is a structure composed of several different tissues performing
a particular function. E.g. the heart.
Organ systems are groups of organs which works together to perform an
overall function. E.g. the digestive system.
The total organism is the individual human being.
REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY
The human body is a single, total composite.
Everything works together.
Each part acts in association with ALL other parts. Whereas, is also a series of
regions.
These regions are:
a. Head and Neck. The brain, eyes, ears, mouth, pharynx, and larynx are found
in this region.
b. Back and Trunk. The trunk includes the thorax (chest) and abdomen.
The lungs, the heart, the digestive system and pelvis are found here.
The perineum is the part of the body forming the floor of the pelvis.
c. Members. They are two types:
1. Upper member includes a shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
2. Lower member includes a hip, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
Scientific term - Is a word that names or gives special information about a structure
or process.
Some scientific terms have two or three different parts. That is:
1. A PREFIX
2. A ROOT/BASE
3. A SUFFIX.
NAME PREFIX ROOT/BASE SUFFIX Meaning
meanin meanin meaning
g g
Tonsillitis TONSIL ITIS inflammatio inflammation
n of the tonsils
Subcutaneous SUB below CUTIS skin below the skin
