MPTC Problem Solving Questions with correct Answers 2023

MPTC Problem Solving Questions with correct Answers 2023 Problem any question raised for inquiry, consideration, or solution. Problem solving is a step- by-step process of identifying, deciding, and executing. Effective problem solving models have the following characteristics: Ethical Systematic Targeted Collaborative Transparent Ethical: the collective character that makes us Who We Are, is the foundation for all police problem solving efforts. Systematic: The process must be organized and structured from start to finish. Targeted: The problem must be clearly defined with specific objectives and goals. Collaborative: There must be continuous input from community stakeholders and other partnerships. Transparent: There must be open and frequent communication between police and community stakeholders. Two Police Problem Solving Models Community Oriented Policing and Problem Oriented Policing. Community Oriented Policing (COP) Seeks to address the root causes of crime by reducing social disorder and fear. Community policing includes more face-to-face interaction between officers and citizens. Common strategies include increased foot patrol units and regular attendance at community meetings. Problem Oriented Policing (POP) Aims to prevent and reduce crime by collaborating with other public agencies, the community, and private sector. Police departments use statistical analysis to identify the problem, search for effective solutions, and quantify the impact of their efforts. Regardless of the model used, effective problem solving for policing requires? Procedural justice and legitimacy Procedural Justice Overall public trust in the criminal justice system. High levels of public trust can result in lower crime rates and more support when it comes time to solve community problems. For any community to feel that the police are procedurally just, members must also believe that: • all police decisions are fair and impartial • community members are treated with respect • officers follow rules that govern their behavior1 • officers sincerely try to do what is best Fair To treat people in a way that does not favor some over others or is too harsh or critical. Impartial To treat all people and groups equally. Officers demonstrate respect by using the following when communicating with people: (1) Empathy (2) Courtesy (3) Decorum (4) Clarity Empathy to demonstrate understanding for other people's feelings and emotions. Courtesy being polite and kind to people. Decorum showing good manners. Clarity to explain "why" actions are taken. Police behavior is governed by three elements: • laws • ethics • discretion Laws • use of force • probable cause • rules of evidence • search and seizure • reasonable suspicion Ethics Section 23(b)(3) of Chapter 268A provides standards of conduct for Commonwealth of Massachusetts public officials and employees. Discretion • Right to choose what should be done in a particular situation. • Quality of having or showing good judgment. • Ability to make responsible decisions. • Ability to choose where, how, and with what severity to act. Section 23(b)(3) of Chapter 268A "No current officer or employee of a state, county or municipal agency shall knowingly, or with reason to know act in a manner that would cause a reasonable person, having knowledge of the relevant circumstances, to conclude that any person can improperly influence or unduly enjoy his [her] favor in the performance of his [her] official duties, or that he [she] is likely to act or fail to act as a result of kinship, rank, position, or undue influence of any party or person." Officers use discretion to do the following: • prioritize tasks • interpret and enforce laws • allocate time and resources • develop and implement solutions Sincerity Officers demonstrate sincerity when they communicate effectively and clearly explain their actions. Successful officers understand and are sensitive to community needs and concerns. Legitimacy is a community belief that the police are competent to exercise authority, maintain social order, manage conflicts, and solve problems. SERVE can be used to solve any problem regardless of complexity or size. SERVE is the acronym used to identify the model's five (5) main phases: Spotting the problem Ethical decisions Research facts DeVelop and execute a plan Evaluate results The following are part of the Spotting phase: Confirm the problem(s) exists and poses harm. Determine problem frequency and duration. Two types of problems Acute Chronic Acute appear suddenly without warning or immediate explanation. These problems can become chronic if not solved promptly. Chronic persist over time. Unless solved, these problems usually continue, worsen and may lead to other problems. Example of acute problem A neighborhood with no reported crime in the last 10 years has 7 burglaries in 1 month. Example of acute problem Officer Niles is $10,000.00 in debt and struggling to get by on his salary. During a drug raid, Officer Niles finds a shoe box bag full of cash. Officer Niles is confident he can remove the money without being seen by anyone. Example of chronic problem During the last year, police were called to investigate 20-25 shoplifting calls per month at one store. Example of chronic problem On the last day of every shift, Officer Smith checks off at least 60 minutes early to complete personal errands and without supervisor permission. This has left your patrol squad shorthanded more than once during events that jeopardize officer safety. The following must be identified during the Ethical phase: Personal biases that impact officer decision making. Ethical standards that govern officer actions and decisions Bias a tendency to believe that some people, ideas, or concepts are better than others and usually results in unfair treatment. Types of biases include: Explicit, implicit, negative, and confirmation. Explicit bias Occurs when people associate one or more characteristics (e.g., race, sexual orientation, age, occupation, homeless, etc.) with negative stereotypes. People with this bias are well aware of their hatred, hostility, or beliefs and openly show their discriminatory behavior in the presence of others. Implicit bias Occurs when people associate one or more characteristics (e.g., race, sexual orientation, age, occupation, homeless, etc.) with negative stereotypes. However, this bias is not based on hatred or hostility. Negative bias occurs when people place more weight on negative experiences. Confirmation bias occurs when people automatically apply a stereotype without exception. In other words, we see what we expect to see. Fair and Impartial Policing (FIP) is a science based approach to individual human bias. FIP suggests that unfair policing practices (e.g., racial profiling) do not come from widespread explicit bias by officers. Example of implicit bias It may lead an officer to believe the Hispanic man−walking in a mostly white neighborhood−is more "suspicious." This bias could also make an officer be consistently "over-vigilant" or "under-vigilant" when dealing with low income people. Example of Confirmation bias Mr. Smith believes "teenagers are lazy." When Mr. Smith sees a group of teenagers loitering on the sidewalk, he may see all of them as "lazy." This bias occurs if Mr. Smith fails to understand that many teenagers work very hard, including the ones he sees loitering. Example of Negative bias Ms. Smith has eaten at the same restaurant for 15 years because the food is good. One day, Ms. Smith found a hair in her food and has not returned since. Self-awareness and the ability to "flex" styles are critical to overcoming? Personality bias Ethical standards Officers must apply a code of ethics to any problem. This is done to clarify roles and ensure the problem is defined honestly, professionally, and without bias. The following are part of the Research phase: a) Conduct a self-assessment by looking at past actions and decisions. b) Collect information to confirm problem exists and what is known about the problem. c) Develop a working hypothesis about why the problem exists. d) Is the problem currently being addressed? If yes, what are the strengths and limitations of current strategy? e) What have other police officers, community members, or stakeholders done to solve similar problems? f) What organizations and resources can provide a better understanding of the problem?