Prosthetic Written Exam Part 2 Questions With Correct Answers

All of the following factors contribute to vaulting with an AK prosthesis except... a. prosthesis too long b. excessive knee friction c. inadequate suspension d. weak hip extensors - Answer d. weak hip extensors All of the following factors contribute to vaulting with an AK prosthesis except... a. prosthesis too long b. excessive knee friction c. inadequate suspension d. weak hip extensors - Answer b. excessive knee friction Which of the following is a characteristic of the constant friction knee? a. eliminates the need for alignment stability b. aids in stabilization of the knee during stance phase c. supports body weight when the knee is slightly flexed d. reduces heel rise and terminal impact at normal cadence e. permits the knee to swing at varying speeds depending on cadence - Answer e. permits the knee to swing at varying speeds depending on cadence The toe of an AK prosthesis rotates externally at heel strike. Which of the following is the major cause of this problem? a. knee bolt externally rotated b. excessive toe out c. keel too short d. plantarflexion resistance too firm - Answer d. plantarflexion resistance too firm A gait cycle refers to all the activity that occurs between... a. heel strike on one side and the following heel strike on the same side b. double support on one side and the following double support on the opposite side. c. heel-off to push-off on the same sided. heel strike on one side and the following heel strike on the opposite side e. heel contact and push-off - Answer a. heel strike on one side and the following heel strike on the same side Venous return of the blood to the heart is assisted by the... a. action of the skeletal muscles b. positive pressure in the heart c. independent contraction of the arterial walls d. arterial blood pressure - Answer a. action of the skeletal muscles During normal human locomotion, how many inches does the center of gravity shift from side to side? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 - Answer b. 2 The center of gravity of the adult male is located on the midline of the body at approximately the level of the... a. acetabulum b. coccyx c. umbilicus d. ischial tuberosity e. second sacral vertebra - Answer e. second sacral vertebra To minimize lateral bending of the trunkk susequent to unilateral hip abductor weakness, it is best to use... a. a cane on the involved side b. a cane on the uninvolved side c. a can on both sides - Answer b. a cane on the uninvolved side The surgical attachment of muscle to muscle is known as... a. myoplasty b. myodesis c. arthroplasty d. arthrodesis - Answer a. myoplasty The body's center of gravity reaches its highest point at... a. heel strike b. foot flat c. mid-stance d. heel-off - Answer c. mid-stance Pressure is determined by... a. force divided by torque b. torque divided by force c. force divided by area d. area divided by force - Answer c. force divided by area During normal human locomotion, between heel contact and foot flat, the floor reaction force tends to cause which moments at the hip and knee? a. hip flexion, knee flexion b. hip flexion knee extension c. hip extension, knee flexion d. hip extension, knee extension - Answer a. hip flexion, knee flexion If the sciatic nerve is severed at the level of the lesser trochanter, muscle function will not be impaired at the.. a. hip joint b. knee joint c. ankle joint d. subtalar joint - Answer a. hip joint In the shoulder disarticulation amputee, which of the following muscle sites would be most suitable for control of myoelectric elbow? a. superior rhomboid and sternomastoid b. superior rhomboid and subscapularis c. pectoralis major and trapezius d. pectoralis major and coracobrachialis - Answer c. pectoralis major and trapezius In the scapulothoracic amputee, which of the following motions can be used to operate the prosthesis? a. glenohumeral flexion b. biscapular abduction c. shoulder elevation d. chest expansion - Answer d. chest expansion Which of the following muscles does not rotate the humerus internally? a. subscapularis b. pectoralis major c. infraspinatus d. latissimus dorsi - Answer c. infraspinatus The terminal device on the shoulder disarticulation prosthesis is operated primarily by scapular... a. abduction b. adduction c. elevation d. depression - Answer a. abduction A major limitation of the shoulder disarticulation prosthesis is... a. difficulty in donning the prosthesis b. excursion needed to operate the prosthesis c. force needed to operate the prosthesis d. weight of the prosthesis - Answer b. excursion needed to operate the prosthesis The most prominent and highest point on the shoulder girdle is the... a. acromion b. coracoid process c. spine of the scapula d. greater tuberosity of the humerus e. superior angle of the scapula - Answer a. acromion The elbow is flexed to 90 and a 40 pound weight is held in the hand. the distance from the elbow axis to the weight is 15 inches. How much force must the elbow flexors exert if their insertion is 2 inches from the elbow joint axis? a. 80 inch pounds b. 150 inch pounds c. 200 inch pounds d. 300 inch pounds e. 600 inch pounds - Answer d. 300 inch pounds Which of the following is not a characteristic of the shoulder saddle harness? a. improves excursion in biscapular abduction b. increases comfort in axial loading c. reduces pressure in the axilla d. presents cosmetic difficulties for females - Answer a. improves excursion in biscapular abduction For which type of amputation is the external or ouside locking joint designed? a. forequarter b. shoulder disarticulation c. midhumeral AE amputation d. elbow disarticulation e. short BE - Answer d. elbow disarticulation Which of the following is not part of the AE figure-of-eight harness?a. anterior suspension strap b. lateral suspension strap c. control attachment strap d. inverted "Y" strap - Answer d. inverted "Y" strap The length of the AE humeral section is determined by measuring the sound side from the... a. acromion process to the lateral epicondyle b. acromion process to the olecranon c. coracoid process to the medial epicondyle d. coracoid process to the lateral epicondyle - Answer a. acromion process to the lateral epicondyle In Frantz and Aitken's classification system, complete absence of the upper limb distal to the shoulder joint is termed... a. phocomelia b. hemimelia c. amelia d. paraxial deficiency e. intercalary deficiency - Answer c. amelia All of the following are characteristics of the cross back strap except... a. makes donning and doffing more difficult b. increases available cable excursion c. decreases force required to operate the terminal device d. tends to keep the cross point from migrating - Answer c. decreases force required to operate the terminal device Where should the cross point of the figure-of-eight harness be located in relation to the 7th cervical vertebra a. inferior and toward the amputated side b. inferior and toward the sound side c. superior and toward the amputated side d. superior and toward the sound side e. directly beneath it - Answer b. inferior and toward the sound side Which of the following epiphyses contributes most to longitudinal growth of the upper limb? a. proximal humerus b. distal humerus c. proximal ulna d. distal ulna - Answer b. distal humerus Elevation of the scapula is accomplished by the... a. pectoralis minor muscle b. trapezius muscle c. supra and infraspinatus muscle d. teres major and minor muscles e. latissimus dorsi muscle - Answer b. trapezius muscle What shoulder function will be lost if the middle section of the deltoid is impaired? a. flexion b. extension c. abduction d. adduction e. rotation - Answer c. abduction At what amputation level would flexible elbow hinges be most appropriate? a. elbow disarticulation b. short BE c. mid-forearm BE d. long BE - Answer d. long BE A unilateral BE prosthetic patient complains that the axilla loop of his harness is uncomfortable. The most common reason for this complaint is that the cross point is... a. too close to the amputated side b. too close to the sound side c. superior to C7 d. inferior to C7 - Answer b. too close to the sound side In the short AE prosthesis, the trim lines are extended proximally to... a. increase the glenohumeral range of motion b. decrease axial loading capabilities c. increase rotational stability d. enhance cosmesis - Answer c. increase rotational stability The AE prosthesis is designed with 10-15 degrees of elbow flexion in order to... a. give a more cosmetic appearance b. prevent the elbow from hyperextending c. make activation of the terminal device easier d. give a mechanical advantage when initiating forearm flexion. - Answer d. give a mechanical advantage when initiating forearm flexion. Which of the following modifications would not increase function for the bilateral short AE amputee? a. use a wrist flexion unit on the dominant side b. lower the elbow centers to decrease the forearm length c. decrease the size of the proximal wings on the socket d. line the cable housings with teflon - Answer c. decrease the size of the proximal wings on the socket In the Muenster socket, the principal function of the posterior proximal brim is to limit elbow extension and... a. protect the olecranon b. provide suspension in axial loading c. provide a location for the cross bar assembly d. facilitate elbow flexion - Answer b. provide suspension in axial loading Which of the following muscles is most readily identified by palpation? a. iliopsoas b. vastus intermedius c. sartorius d. pectineus e. gluteus minimus - Answer a. iliopsoas The muscles which pass posterior to the medial malleolus at the ankle act to... a. invert and plantar flex the foot b. evert and plantar flex the foot c. invert and dorsiflex the foot d. evert and dorsiflex the foot - Answer a. invert and plantar flex the foot Which of the following muscles flexes the knee joint? a. peroneus longus b. soleus c. biceps femoris d. vastus intermedius - Answer c. biceps femoris Which of the following is not a function of the conventional silesian bandage? a. aids in rotational control b. adds medio-lateral stability c. improves suspension d. provides a sense of security - Answer b. adds medio-lateral stability How is the medial lateral dimension of the quadrilateral AK socket determined? a. measure the distance from the ischial tuberosity to the greater trochanter b. evaluate the relative position of the trochanter and prominence of the gluteus maximus c. multiply the measured AP by two d. divide the thigh circumference at ischial level by three - Answer a. measure the distance from the ischial tuberosity to the greater trochanter In a total contact suction socket, edema is prevented by... a. firm positive pressure during swing phase b. firm negative pressure during swing phase c. constant negative pressure on the residual limb d. alternating negative and positive distal pressures. - Answer c. constant negative pressure on the residual limb All these bones form the acetabulum except... a. ilium b. sacrum c. pubis d. ischium - Answer b. sacrum Which of the following is not a function of a hip joint and pelvic belt?a. improve lateral stability b. control rotation of the socket c. control abduction d. provide suspension e. prevent lateral bending of the trunk - Answer e. prevent lateral bending of the trunk The normal hip reaches its maximum extension during... a. heel strike to foot flat b. mid-stance c. heel-off d. mid-swing - Answer c. heel-off To maintain mediolateral stability when fitting a short AK residual limb, it may be necessary to... a. plantarflex the foot b. externally rotate the foot c. internally rotate the foot d. place the foot under the ischial tuberosity e. place the foot under the midline of the posterior shelf - Answer e. place the foot under the midline of the posterior shelf In a very short AK, which of the following groups of hip muscles has the least strength? a. flexors b. extensors c. abductors d. adductors e. external rotators - Answer c. abductors Which of the following is not a boundary of scapa's triangle? a. adductor longus b. rectus femoris c. sartorius d. inguinal ligament - Answer b. rectus femoris Which of the following muscles inserts on the lesser trochanter? a. gluteus maximus b. adductor longus c. vastus medialis d. quadratus femoris e. iliopsoas - Answer e. iliopsoas In a hip disarticulation prosthesis, the major function of the iliac crest is to... a. prevent trendelenburg gait b. prevent anterior posterior instability c. provide an area for suspensiond. provide an area for weight bearing - Answer c. provide an area for suspensiond. provide an area for weight bearing