CHEM 1005 Final Exam Review Questions
With Complete Solutions
What is the role of adipose in metabolism? correct answer:
Storage of triacylglycerols as a source of energy that can be
released as FFAs under fasted state conditions; other roles
include body weight homeostasis, coagulation, immunity,
vascular tone control, appetite regulation, glucose/lipid
metabolism, reproduction, angiogenesis
what are the direct products of B-oxidation? correct answer:
NADH + FADH2 (used in ETC to produce ATP), Acetyl CoA
(substrate for ketogenesis, allosteric activator of pyruvate
carboxylase)
An 11-year old girl is brought to the emergency department by
her father. He reports she has recently been very thirsty and
needing to make frequent trips to the bathroom. At her soccer
game today she complained of lightheadedness and that the
symptoms did not resolve, even after drinking a power beverage.
A rapid dipstick test revealed glucose in her urine and further
diagnostics are consistent with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.
Evaluation of this girl's liver would reveal an increased rate of
which of the following processes? (FA synthesis, glycogenesis,
glycolysis, ketogenesis, protein synthesis) correct answer:
Ketogenesis; The description here is of type 1 diabetes which is
consistent with a loss of insulin production. Therefore, fasted
state metabolic pathways would be highly active contributing to
,hyperglycemia and ketogenesis. The other pathways listed
would be active in the fed state or when insulin is high
A 5-year old female is brought to the emergency department by
her mother. She is a type 1 diabetic and has not taken her insulin
while away at a day camp. The child is unresponsive. Which of
the following enzymes is phosphorylated and active under these
conditions? correct answer: Hormone sensitive lipase (Without
insulin, glucagon will be primary hormone under these
conditions = fasted state metabolism = fasted state enzymes all
phosphorylated and active)
A well, 2-year-old girl presents to the clinic with symptoms of a
viral illness. Her parents report she has had bouts of vomiting
and diarrhea over the last 24 hours. This morning they could
barely wake her from her crib and she was very weak.
Laboratory tests show low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and
elevated liver enzymes. There are no ketones present in her
urine. The child is hospitalized and glucose is administered by
I.V. Additional laboratory analysis showed elevated medium-
chain fatty acyl carnitines in blood and 6-8 carbon dicarboxylic
acids in the urine. Which of the following abnormalities is the
most likely diagnosis for this child? correct answer: Defect of
medium-chain acyl-dehydrogenase; This presentation is
consistent with a deficiency in medium-chain acyl-
dehydrogenase. The lack of ketones suggests a deficiency in β-
oxidation and the presence of medium chain carnitines and
dicarboxylic acids suggest products of omega-oxidation.
Ketonuria, hyperglycemia and severe acidosis are prime
diagnostic indicators of the presentation of type 1 diabetic
, ketoacidosis. Which of the following compounds are "ketone
bodies" that would be elevated in serum and urine of a patient in
this condition? correct answer: D-3-hydroxybutyrate and
acetoacetate
An individual goes to bed around 8 pm and doesn't wake up
until 9 am the next morning. During this time, which of the
following is the primary oxidizable substrate in the skeletal
muscle? correct answer: Free fatty acids
fatty acid synthase is a multimeric enzyme complex. Which of
the following subunits contains pantothenic acid as a cofactor?
correct answer: Acyl-carrier protein (ACP)
In the fasted state, fatty acyl-CoAs are transported across the
mitochondrial membrane. The transport of fatty acids via
carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPTI) can be directly inhibited
by which of the following compounds? correct answer:
Malonyl-CoA
An 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by
his father. He reports his son has recently been very thirsty and
needing to make frequent trips to the bathroom. Physical
examination revealed a thin boy, in the 30th percentile for height
and weight. A rapid dipstick test revealed glucose in his urine.
Evaluation of this boy's blood would reveal decreased levels of
which of the following compounds or hormones? correct
answer: Insulin
In liver, which of the following key inhibitory events ensures
that newly synthesized palmitoyl-CoA is not immediately
With Complete Solutions
What is the role of adipose in metabolism? correct answer:
Storage of triacylglycerols as a source of energy that can be
released as FFAs under fasted state conditions; other roles
include body weight homeostasis, coagulation, immunity,
vascular tone control, appetite regulation, glucose/lipid
metabolism, reproduction, angiogenesis
what are the direct products of B-oxidation? correct answer:
NADH + FADH2 (used in ETC to produce ATP), Acetyl CoA
(substrate for ketogenesis, allosteric activator of pyruvate
carboxylase)
An 11-year old girl is brought to the emergency department by
her father. He reports she has recently been very thirsty and
needing to make frequent trips to the bathroom. At her soccer
game today she complained of lightheadedness and that the
symptoms did not resolve, even after drinking a power beverage.
A rapid dipstick test revealed glucose in her urine and further
diagnostics are consistent with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.
Evaluation of this girl's liver would reveal an increased rate of
which of the following processes? (FA synthesis, glycogenesis,
glycolysis, ketogenesis, protein synthesis) correct answer:
Ketogenesis; The description here is of type 1 diabetes which is
consistent with a loss of insulin production. Therefore, fasted
state metabolic pathways would be highly active contributing to
,hyperglycemia and ketogenesis. The other pathways listed
would be active in the fed state or when insulin is high
A 5-year old female is brought to the emergency department by
her mother. She is a type 1 diabetic and has not taken her insulin
while away at a day camp. The child is unresponsive. Which of
the following enzymes is phosphorylated and active under these
conditions? correct answer: Hormone sensitive lipase (Without
insulin, glucagon will be primary hormone under these
conditions = fasted state metabolism = fasted state enzymes all
phosphorylated and active)
A well, 2-year-old girl presents to the clinic with symptoms of a
viral illness. Her parents report she has had bouts of vomiting
and diarrhea over the last 24 hours. This morning they could
barely wake her from her crib and she was very weak.
Laboratory tests show low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and
elevated liver enzymes. There are no ketones present in her
urine. The child is hospitalized and glucose is administered by
I.V. Additional laboratory analysis showed elevated medium-
chain fatty acyl carnitines in blood and 6-8 carbon dicarboxylic
acids in the urine. Which of the following abnormalities is the
most likely diagnosis for this child? correct answer: Defect of
medium-chain acyl-dehydrogenase; This presentation is
consistent with a deficiency in medium-chain acyl-
dehydrogenase. The lack of ketones suggests a deficiency in β-
oxidation and the presence of medium chain carnitines and
dicarboxylic acids suggest products of omega-oxidation.
Ketonuria, hyperglycemia and severe acidosis are prime
diagnostic indicators of the presentation of type 1 diabetic
, ketoacidosis. Which of the following compounds are "ketone
bodies" that would be elevated in serum and urine of a patient in
this condition? correct answer: D-3-hydroxybutyrate and
acetoacetate
An individual goes to bed around 8 pm and doesn't wake up
until 9 am the next morning. During this time, which of the
following is the primary oxidizable substrate in the skeletal
muscle? correct answer: Free fatty acids
fatty acid synthase is a multimeric enzyme complex. Which of
the following subunits contains pantothenic acid as a cofactor?
correct answer: Acyl-carrier protein (ACP)
In the fasted state, fatty acyl-CoAs are transported across the
mitochondrial membrane. The transport of fatty acids via
carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPTI) can be directly inhibited
by which of the following compounds? correct answer:
Malonyl-CoA
An 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by
his father. He reports his son has recently been very thirsty and
needing to make frequent trips to the bathroom. Physical
examination revealed a thin boy, in the 30th percentile for height
and weight. A rapid dipstick test revealed glucose in his urine.
Evaluation of this boy's blood would reveal decreased levels of
which of the following compounds or hormones? correct
answer: Insulin
In liver, which of the following key inhibitory events ensures
that newly synthesized palmitoyl-CoA is not immediately
