Summary - data communication and networking of OSI layers

CATEGORIES OF NETWORK:
 LAN(LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
 WAN(WIDE AREA NETWORK)
 MAN(METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK)

LOCAL AREA NETWORK:
 Privately owned
 Links devices in single office or computer
 Connect to each other via IP/TCP
ETHERNET OR WIFI
LAN CABLES:
 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
 COPPER TWISTED CABLE
 COAXIALE CABLE



WIDE AREA NETWORK:
 Long distance transmission of data that may comprise a country ,
continent or whole world
 set of hardware connected to
different software such as
(router
, switches , gateways)


METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK:
Designed to extend over entire city

, LAYERS
 PHYSICAL LAYER
 DATA LINK LAYER
 network
 Transport layer
 session
 presentation
 application



PHYSICAL LAYER:
 required to transmit bit stream over physical medium
 responsible for movement of individual bits from one node to another




 Bits are sent as signals over the channel
 Physical layer is the foundation on which network is built.




 There can be analog
signals or digital
signals

, ANALOG SIGNALS:
Electromagnetic waves propagated over media, depending on
frequency.
Can propagate over analog or digital data.
DIGITAL SIGNAL:
 SEQUENCE OF VOLTAGE PULSES
 TRANSMITTED OVER COPPER WIRES
 PROPAGATE ANALOG AND DIGITAL DATA