The Psychology of Women 7th Edition- Margaret W. Matlin’s Test Bank | Complete 2024

The Psychology of Women 7th Edition- Margaret W. Matlin’s Test Bank | Complete 2024. Suppose that several children who are 4 and 5 years old are looking at some coloring books and deciding which pictures to color. You will be most likely to see *a. the boys coloring a picture of a football player and the girls coloring a picture of a princess. b. the boys coloring a picture of a princess and the girls coloring a picture of a football player. c. the girls coloring a picture of a princess and the boys coloring a picture of a genderneutral scene. d. both girls and boys coloring a picture of a gender-neutral scene. Page 103 3-86. You are playing with your 5-year-old nephew Matthew. According to the research on children’s stereotypes about gender, Matthew is most likely to *a. know which toys the boys are “supposed to” like, and choose gender-consistent activities himself. b. know which toys the boys are “supposed to” like, but show no gender preferences in his own play activities. c. be easily persuaded to play with toys considered appropriate for the other gender. d. choose gender-consistent play activities, but report little understanding of what boys are “supposed to” like. 186 of 381 Pages 103-105 3-87. Suppose you are teaching 4-year-olds in a preschool program. The children in your class are likely to believe, with respect to occupations, that a. women can become anything they want to be, though men have more restricted occupational choices. b. women have more prestigious jobs than men. *c. teachers tend to be women, and construction workers tend to be men. d. there is no relationship between occupation and gender. Pages 103-105 3-88. The research on children’s ideas about occupations shows that a. occupational stereotypes are mostly confined to middle-class White children. b. most children under the age of 5 do not have clear-cut ideas about occupational stereotypes. *c. girls frequently say that they would be angry with a typically “masculine” occupation, but boys frequently say that they would be extremely angry with a typically “feminine” occupation. d. although children are stereotyped about the occupations of other people, they do not tend to prefer gender-stereotyped occupations for themselves. Page 105 3-89. Research on children’s stereotypes about gender shows that *a. kindergartners tend to believe that males are more aggressive than females. b. kindergartners actually tend to believe that females are stronger and more competent than males. c. children do not have different beliefs about boys and girls until they reach the age of 8. d. children under the age of 6 have very clear stereotypes about females, but their stereotypes about males are not well developed. Page 105 3-90. Your textbook described a study in which 8- to 10-year old children rated photos of women, men, girls, and boys on several personality characteristics. The study demonstrated that a. only the boys tended to make different judgments about the male photos and the female photos. b. children in this age range had not yet developed clear-cut stereotypes about gender and personality. c. children actually judged the male photos as “weaker” than the female photos. *d. children in this age bracket have stereotypes about gender and personality. 187 of 381 Pages 105-106 3-91. According to the research on children’s stereotypes, a. younger children know just as much as older children about our culture’s traditional gender stereotypes, but the younger children have more flexible stereotypes. *b. older children know more than younger children about our culture’s gender stereotypes, but the older children have more flexible stereotypes. c. the current research shows that children are much less aware of gender stereotypes than the children who grew up in the 1960s. d. younger children have more flexible gender stereotypes than older children. 188 of 381 CHAPTER 4 Adolescence Page 109 4-1. The period during development in which a young person experiences physical changes that lead to sexual maturity is known as *a. puberty. b. adolescence. c. dysmenorrhea. d. the premenstrual syndrome. Page 109 4-2. Lynda has just had her first menstrual period. The technical term for this beginning of menstruation is *a. menarche. b. menopause. c. dysmenorrhea. d. premenstrual syndrome. Page 109 4-3. Which of the students provides the best summary of the two terms, “puberty” and “adolescence,” as applied to females? a. Cyndie: “Puberty refers to psychological changes, whereas adolescence refers to sexual changes.” b. Ulman: “Puberty refers a female’s first menstrual period, whereas adolescence refers to psychological changes.” *c. Tori: “Puberty refers to the physical changes that are related to sexual maturity, whereas adolescence refers to psychological changes.” d. Gustavo: “Puberty is a general term, referring to both physical and psychological changes, whereas adolescence refers to people who are between 13 and 20 years old.” 189 of 381 Page 109 4-4. According to the introduction to the chapter on adolescence, *a. menarche is an important component of puberty in young women. b. there is a clear-cut transition between the end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood. c. the research shows that adults provide adolescents with consistent, focused messages about sexuality. d. females reach menarche at an average age of 10. Page 110 4-5. According to the discussion of puberty in Chapter 4, a. Asian-American females reach puberty before females from other ethnic groups. *b. body weight is typically correlated with the age at which a female reaches puberty. c. contrary to Theme 4, young females’ reactions to puberty show remarkably little variation. d. in the United States, the average girl enters puberty between the ages of 8 and 10. Page 111 4-6. According to Chapter 4 in your textbook, secondary sex characteristics are a. the chromosomes responsible for sex determination. b. the biological structures that are directly responsible for sexual reproduction. *c. features of the body related to sexual reproduction but not directly involved in it. d. the portions of the brain that control the release of hormones. Page 111 4-7. The pituitary gland is important in menstruation because it *a. produces hormones that are critical in the menstrual cycle. b. produces pain suppressants that diminish the strength of menstrual cramps. c. is located directly underneath the ovaries. d. regulates a woman’s mood during menstruation. Page 111 4-8. What role do hormones play in the menstrual cycle? a. Increased estrogen irritates the endometrium, which causes it to shed. b. Hormones are part of the menstrual flow. *c. Hormones regulate the development of the follicles and the lining of the uterus. d. Hormones provide nutrition for the egg. Page 111 4-9. What is an important function of the ovaries in the menstrual cycle? a. They discard their endometrium lining, which produces menstrual flow. *b. They contain the eggs, which are released in the middle of the cycle. c. They suppress activity in the pituitary gland. d. They inhibit the production of estrogen and progesterone. 190 of 381 Page 111 4-10. What is ovulation? a. The stimulation of the follicle that contains the egg b. The development of the endometrium *c. The release of the egg at the middle of the menstrual cycle d. The sloughing off of the endometrium Page 111 4-11. During the menstrual cycle, a woman’s reproductive system releases an egg, through a process called a. the luteinizing hormone effect. b. menarche. *c. ovulation. d. the endometrium-shedding process. Page 111 4-12. The term “ovulation” refers to the process during which a. the follicle-stimulating hormone acts on the follicles within the ovaries. b. estrogen acts on the uterine lining, leading to the development of the endometrium. *c. the egg moves out of the ovary. d. the menstrual flow is the heaviest. Page 112 4-13. The events in the menstrual cycle are best described as a. reactions to specific levels of estrogen. b. controlled primarily by the hypothalamus, which produces both estrogen and progesterone. c. a series of bodily changes that lead to behavioral and mood changes. *d. a feedback loop involving changes in brain structures, hormones, and reproductive structures. 191 of 381 Pages 111-113 4-14. As described in Chapter 4, the various brain structures and other biological factors operate according to a feedback loop in order to regulate the menstrual cycle. Which of the following students provides the best description of this feedback loop? *a. Dakwan: “When the level of a hormone is too high, a structure in the brain is signaled to inhibit hormone production; when the level is too low, the brain structure is signaled to produce more hormones.” b. Angus: “When the hypothalamus is signaled, a follicle in the hypothalamus releases an egg; when the hypothalamus is not signaled, the follicle does not release the egg.” c. Sandi: “When a female reaches puberty, her endometrium signals the pituitary gland, which varies in size, depending on the menstrual cycle; for instance, the pituitary gland is largest at the time of ovulation.” d. Adriana: “When a female has her period, the menstrual flow signals the hypothalamus, which inhibits the development of the follicle.” Page 112 4-15. After the egg has left the follicle, in the middle of the menstrual cycle, the *a. follicle turns into a structure that secretes progesterone and estrogen. b. pituitary gland produces more follicle-stimulating hormone. c. follicle immediately shrinks in size. d. endometrium thickens considerably. Page 113 4-16. Dysmenorrhea is *a. painful cramps in the abdominal region, as well as other pain accompanying menstruation. b. an absence of menstrual periods that may occur in young women who have anorexia. c. a condition in which menstrual flow is unusually heavy. d. a condition in which menarche is reached prior to the age of 10. Page 113 4-17. According to Chapter 4, menstrual pain a. is largely psychological in origin. b. is not significantly influenced by psychological factors. *c. is related to elevated prostaglandin levels. d. is especially severe in women as they approach menopause. 192 of 381 Page 113 4-18. Your textbook notes that there is a correlation between a woman’s tendency to be anxious and the amount of menstrual pain that she reports. What conclusion should you draw from this information? a. Women who are anxious are more likely to exaggerate the amount of menstrual pain that they experience, in comparison to women who are low in anxiety. b. Women who experience a high level of menstrual pain are likely to become more anxious than other women. c. There must be some other variable that can explain this relationship, rather than a direct correlation between anxiety and menstrual pain. *d. Women who are low in anxiety are likely to experience a low amount of menstrual pain. Page 113 4-19. According to the discussion of menstrual pain, there is a correlation between a woman’s anxiety level and the degree of menstrual pain. Based on this statement, we can conclude that a. women who are anxious produce more prostaglandins, which directly produce more pain. b. women who are anxious are likely to focus more on their painful cramps, which encourages them to report more pain. c. women who experience menstrual pain are likely to be worried about the pain, so that they become more anxious. *d. women who are above-average in anxiety are also likely to be above-average in menstrual pain. Page 113 4-20. Which of the following young women best summarizes the information on menstrual pain and PMS? a. Lizzie: “Pain, PMS, it’s all just part of what women have to live with every month.” b. Maria: “Although few women experience menstrual pain, most women experience some symptoms of PMS.” *c. Nadja: “Most women experience some menstrual pain, but estimates of the extent of PMS are more controversial.” d. Olivia: “The research finds support for cyclical variation in mood swings, but finds no support for the existence of menstrual pain.” Page 113 4-21. According to the discussion of the premenstrual syndrome, this problem a. is strongest in the first few days after menstrual flow has begun. *b. may involve depression and irritability. c. can be completely avoided by the proper diet. d. is an important issue for between 75% and 95% of North American women.