Pharmacotherapeutics
of Cardiovascular
Diseases
By: Hue-Eileen Phan
i
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease ………………………………………........1
Chapter 2. Dyslipidemia ………………………………………………………………………...5
Chapter 3. Hypertension - Pathophysiology, Epidemiology & Assessment ………………........28
Chapter 4. Coronary Artery Disease: Acute Coronary artery Syndromes ………………….......56
Chapter 5. Overview and Treatment of Stable Angina ………………………………………….78
Chapter 6. Venous Thromboembolism …………………………………………………………. 84
Chapter 7. Heart Failure ………………………………………………………………………... 94
Chapter 8. Arrhythmias ………………………………………………………………………… 130
Chapter 9. Stroke ……………………………………………………………………………….. 165
Chapter 10. Peripheral Artery Disease ………………………………………………………….179
Chapter 11. Aspirin for Primary Prevention …………………………………………………….185
Chapter 12. Anticoagulation …………………………………………………………………….189
Chapter 13. Therapeutic Monitoring of Cardiovascular Medications ………………………….. 209
Chapter 14. Introduction to Pharmacogenetics ………………………………………………….220
Chapter 15. Type 2 Diabetes – Overview ……………………………………………………….238
Chapter 17. Applied Pharmaceutics ……………………………………………………………. 256
ii
,iii
, Chapter 1. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Goal of this Section: Identify patients at risk for CV disease and be able to discuss their risk assessment
Mortality Statistics 2018
Sex-based Mortality Rates
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the #2 killer in Canada Heart disease tends to affect males more than
behind cancer. The reason for why CVD is no longer the females, while stroke tends to affect females
#1 killer is because we have learned to identify risk more than males.
factors and treat CVD.
Terminology
• Cardiovascular (CV) = all-encompassing term for conditions listed below
o Coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease
• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
o Disease of the coronary arteries (angina, myocardial infarction)
• Cerebrovascular Disease = stroke
o Disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain (stroke)
• Vascular Disease
o Diseases of the aorta and peripheral arteries (aortic aneurysm, intermittent claudication)
o E.g. peripheral artery disease
Cardiovascular disease can be prevented but once established, it can be treated but not be cured.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors
1
of Cardiovascular
Diseases
By: Hue-Eileen Phan
i
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease ………………………………………........1
Chapter 2. Dyslipidemia ………………………………………………………………………...5
Chapter 3. Hypertension - Pathophysiology, Epidemiology & Assessment ………………........28
Chapter 4. Coronary Artery Disease: Acute Coronary artery Syndromes ………………….......56
Chapter 5. Overview and Treatment of Stable Angina ………………………………………….78
Chapter 6. Venous Thromboembolism …………………………………………………………. 84
Chapter 7. Heart Failure ………………………………………………………………………... 94
Chapter 8. Arrhythmias ………………………………………………………………………… 130
Chapter 9. Stroke ……………………………………………………………………………….. 165
Chapter 10. Peripheral Artery Disease ………………………………………………………….179
Chapter 11. Aspirin for Primary Prevention …………………………………………………….185
Chapter 12. Anticoagulation …………………………………………………………………….189
Chapter 13. Therapeutic Monitoring of Cardiovascular Medications ………………………….. 209
Chapter 14. Introduction to Pharmacogenetics ………………………………………………….220
Chapter 15. Type 2 Diabetes – Overview ……………………………………………………….238
Chapter 17. Applied Pharmaceutics ……………………………………………………………. 256
ii
,iii
, Chapter 1. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Goal of this Section: Identify patients at risk for CV disease and be able to discuss their risk assessment
Mortality Statistics 2018
Sex-based Mortality Rates
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the #2 killer in Canada Heart disease tends to affect males more than
behind cancer. The reason for why CVD is no longer the females, while stroke tends to affect females
#1 killer is because we have learned to identify risk more than males.
factors and treat CVD.
Terminology
• Cardiovascular (CV) = all-encompassing term for conditions listed below
o Coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease
• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
o Disease of the coronary arteries (angina, myocardial infarction)
• Cerebrovascular Disease = stroke
o Disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain (stroke)
• Vascular Disease
o Diseases of the aorta and peripheral arteries (aortic aneurysm, intermittent claudication)
o E.g. peripheral artery disease
Cardiovascular disease can be prevented but once established, it can be treated but not be cured.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors
1
