1. According to Erik Erikson, ego identity is formed during early childhood when the ego
learns to control the superego.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
2. Educational achievement scores between children in affluent and low-income families
have been widening over the years.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. Kids who leave foster care (age out) without family support are at an elevated risk of
becoming homeless, unemployed, and incarcerated.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
4. Among the policies identified by the Children’s Defense Fund that feed the cradle to
prison pipeline are zero tolerance school policies and tougher sentencing guidelines.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
5. While teen smoking and drinking rates are currently low, their use of heroin and crack
cocaine is higher than in the past.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
,6. About 5.5 million youths under the age of 18 are arrested each year.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
7. The concept of childhood as we know it today was firmly established in Europe during
the Middle Ages.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
8. The medieval child has been described as a “miniature adult” who began to work and
accept adult roles at an early age and was treated with great cruelty.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
9. The Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1601 created a system of church wardens and overseers
who, with the consent of justices of the peace, identified vagrant, delinquent, and
neglected children and put them to work.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
10. The master–apprentice relationship was dissimilar to the parent–child relationship in
that the master did not have complete authority over the apprentice.
a. True
b. False
,ANSWER: False
11. Poor laws requiring poor and dependent children to serve apprenticeships were
popular in England but never gained momentum in the American colonies.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
12. In the United States, early colonists viewed family violence as a sin, which led to the
first child protection laws in the late 1630s.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
13. Prior to the twentieth century, little distinction was made between adult and juvenile
offenders.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
14. Urbanization generated the belief that certain segments of the population (youths in
urban areas, immigrants) were susceptible to the influences of their decaying
environment.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
15. Child-saving organizations influenced state legislatures to enact laws to commit
runaway children to institutions because they believed these children were a threat to the
moral fabric of society.
, a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
16. Although the child-saver movement was successful for a short period, state legislation
in the lives of children died out by 1850 due to the Civil War and other political
movements.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
17. The House of Refuge was developed to protect potential criminal youths by taking
them off the street and providing a familylike environment.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
18. Charles Loring Brace was most known for his creation of the “Children’s Aid
Society,” the concept of relocating orphaned children from urban environments to more
rural environments to begin new lives.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
19. Unlike adult defendants, children do not have the right to consult an attorney or the
right to confront witnesses.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
learns to control the superego.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
2. Educational achievement scores between children in affluent and low-income families
have been widening over the years.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. Kids who leave foster care (age out) without family support are at an elevated risk of
becoming homeless, unemployed, and incarcerated.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
4. Among the policies identified by the Children’s Defense Fund that feed the cradle to
prison pipeline are zero tolerance school policies and tougher sentencing guidelines.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
5. While teen smoking and drinking rates are currently low, their use of heroin and crack
cocaine is higher than in the past.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
,6. About 5.5 million youths under the age of 18 are arrested each year.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
7. The concept of childhood as we know it today was firmly established in Europe during
the Middle Ages.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
8. The medieval child has been described as a “miniature adult” who began to work and
accept adult roles at an early age and was treated with great cruelty.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
9. The Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1601 created a system of church wardens and overseers
who, with the consent of justices of the peace, identified vagrant, delinquent, and
neglected children and put them to work.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
10. The master–apprentice relationship was dissimilar to the parent–child relationship in
that the master did not have complete authority over the apprentice.
a. True
b. False
,ANSWER: False
11. Poor laws requiring poor and dependent children to serve apprenticeships were
popular in England but never gained momentum in the American colonies.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
12. In the United States, early colonists viewed family violence as a sin, which led to the
first child protection laws in the late 1630s.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
13. Prior to the twentieth century, little distinction was made between adult and juvenile
offenders.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
14. Urbanization generated the belief that certain segments of the population (youths in
urban areas, immigrants) were susceptible to the influences of their decaying
environment.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
15. Child-saving organizations influenced state legislatures to enact laws to commit
runaway children to institutions because they believed these children were a threat to the
moral fabric of society.
, a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
16. Although the child-saver movement was successful for a short period, state legislation
in the lives of children died out by 1850 due to the Civil War and other political
movements.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
17. The House of Refuge was developed to protect potential criminal youths by taking
them off the street and providing a familylike environment.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
18. Charles Loring Brace was most known for his creation of the “Children’s Aid
Society,” the concept of relocating orphaned children from urban environments to more
rural environments to begin new lives.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
19. Unlike adult defendants, children do not have the right to consult an attorney or the
right to confront witnesses.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
