cognitive neuropsychology exam 2 (CORRECTLY ANSWERED)

Describe the basic idea of information processing in cognitive psychology correct answers We receive information from our senses, and then process thatinformation based onmental representationsthat we have (prior knowledge of concepts, memories, etc.) What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable? correct answers IV: The variable in an experiment manipulated by the researcher. DV: The variable in an experiment that is being evaluated by the researcher. What does the Sternberg memory task reveal about serial memory search? correct answers Participant sees a set of letters to memorize. The memory set consists of one, two, or four letters. The they see a single letter and must decide whether this letter was part of the memorized set. He presses one button to indicate "yes" and other to indicate "no." The primary dependent variable is reaction time. Participants have to encode, compare, decide, and respond. What is the Stroop effect? correct answers Participants are slower to name the colors when the ink color and words are mismatched, indicating that the second mental representation (reading the word) is activated even when it is irrelevant to the task. The activation of a representation based on the word rather than the color of the word appears to be automatic. How is the Stroop effect measured? correct answers A task invented in which a subject sees a list of words (color terms) printed in an ink color that differs from the word named. The subject is asked to name the ink colors of the words in the list. Reaction time is recorded. In neuroscience methods, what is temporal resolution? correct answers refers to clearly visualizing when the brain is performing actions In neuroscience methods, what is spatial resolution? correct answers refers to clearly visualizing structures and locations in the brain where the brain is performing actions What is histology? correct answers Analysis/study of cells and tissue What is optogenetics? correct answers A procedure in which genes are manipulated so that they express a photosensitive protein that, when exposed to light, will activate the neuron. The genetic manipulation can be modified such that the protein expression is limited to particular neural regions. What are the strengths and limitations of using animals for cognitive neuroscience research? correct answers S: Great resolution.Allows us to do tightly controlled, invasive research on the brain.Animal brain can be removed for analysis. L: We aren't testing humans!We assume there are correlations between species.Behavioral tests in animals might not be the same as tests in humans. Ethical and moral issues--are we taking advantage of subjects that can't fight back?