PEDS (Pediatrics) Exam 2023/2024

Parents bring their infant to the clinic, seeking treatment for vomiting and diarrhea that has lasted for 2 days. On assessment, the nurse in charge detects dry mucous membranes and lethargy. What other findings suggest a fluid volume deficit? A sunken fontanel The nurse is palpating the fontanels of a 2-month-old. The fontanels should feel flat and firm. A child with croup is placed in a cool, high-humidity tent connected to room air. The primary purpose of the tent is to liquefy secretions and relieve laryngeal spasm. Kim is using bronchodilators for asthma. The side effects of these drugs that you need to monitor this patient for include tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, heart palpitations, inability to sleep, restlessness, and seizures. At the community center, the nurse leads an adolescent health information group, which often expands into other areas of discussion. She knows that these youths are trying to find out “who they are,” and discussion often focuses on which directions they want to take in school and life, as well as peer relationships. According to Erikson, this stage is known as: identity vs. role confusion. The adolescent patient has symptoms of meningitis: nuchal rigidity, fever, vomiting, and lethargy. The nurse knows to prepare for the following test: Lumbar puncture Beta-adrenergic agonists such as albuterol are given to Reggie, a child with asthma. Such drugs are administered primarily to do which of the following? Dilate the bronchioles Which of the following respiratory conditions is always considered a medical emergency? Epiglottitis An 8-year-old is admitted with drooling, muffled phonation, and a temperature of 102F. The nurse should immediately notify the doctor because the child’s symptoms are suggestive of: Epiglottitis A 5-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with copious drooling and a croaking sound on inspiration. Her mother states that the child is very agitated and only wants to sit upright. What should be the nurse's first action in this situation? Prepare intubation equipment and call the physician (This child has symptoms of epiglottitis, is acutely ill, and requires emergency measures) What should be the initial bolus of crystalloid fluid replacement for a pediatric patient in shock? 20 ml/kg Baby Ellie is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be inappropriate? Impaired oral mucous membrane While examining a 2-year-old child, Nurse Victoria sees that the anterior fontanel is open. She should: Notify the doctor - Cereal is not added until the child is at least 4 months old. The clinic nurse reviews the record of an infant and notes that the health care provider has documented a diagnosis of suspected Hirschsprung's disease. The nurse reviews the assessment findings documented in the record, knowing that which symptom most likely led the mother to seek health care for the infant? Foul-smelling ribbon-like stools The parents of a child with a cleft palate are concerned and ask the nurse when the palate will be repaired. The nurse should plan to base the response on which information about cleft palate repair? Repair usually is performed between 6 months and 2 years A child is diagnosed with intussusception. On performing an assessment of the child, the nurse keeps in mind which finding as a characteristic of this disorder? Invagination of a section of the intestine into the distal bowel Will is being assessed by Nurse Lucas for possible intussusception; which of the following would be least likely to provide valuable information? Family history What sign is indicative of respiratory distress in infants? Nasal flaring NCLEX Cleft Lip and Palate The nurse is caring for a 1-year-old child after cleft palate repair. On completion of feeding, the nurse should plan for which appropriate nursing action? Rinsing the mouth with water The nurse in the hospital is giving at-home feeding instructions to a family whose child is being discharged after being born with a cleft lip. Which statement by the mother would indicate that further teaching is indicated? "I must always feed my baby with a syringe and not use a nipple." The nurse is preparing a plan of care for an infant who will be returning from the recovery room following the surgical repair of a cleft lip located on the right side of the lip. On return from the recovery room, the nurse should plan to place the infant in which position? On the left side The parents of a child with a cleft lip are concerned and ask the nurse when the lip will be repaired. With which statement should the nurse respond? Cleft-lip repair is usually performed during the first weeks of life. The parents of a child with a cleft palate are concerned and ask the nurse when the palate will be repaired. The nurse should plan to base the response on which information about cleft palate repair? Repair usually is performed between 6 months and 2 years The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the mother of a child who had a cleft palate repair. Which statement should the nurse make to the mother? "You need to use a short nipple on the child's bottle." A nurse provides home care instructions to the mother of a child who had a cleft palate repair 4 days ago. Which statement by the mother indicates the need for further instruction? "I need to buy some straws for drinking." Baby Jonathan was born with cleft lip (CL); Nurse Barbara would be alert that which of the following will most likely be compromised? Sucking ability. - Elbow restraints for cleft palate repair.