NR509 Week 4/ MIDTERM EXAM 2023/2024

NR509 Week 4/ MIDTERM EXAM 2023/2024 The sac that surrounds and protects the heart is called the: a. Pericardium. b. Myocardium. c. Endocardium. d. Pleural space. - ANSWER a. Pericardium. The direction of blood flow through the heart is best described by which of these? a. Vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - lungs - pulmonary artery - left atrium - left ventricle b. Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle c. Aorta - right atrium - right ventricle - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - vena cava d. Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary vein - lungs - pulmonary artery - left atrium - left ventricle - ANSWER b. Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle The nurse is reviewing the anatomy and physiologic functioning of the heart. Which statement best describes what is meant by atrial kick? a. The atria contract during systole and attempt to push against closed valves. b. Contraction of the atria at the beginning of diastole can be felt as a palpitation. c... Atrial kick is the pressure exerted against the atria as the ventricles contract during systole. d. The atria contract toward the end of diastole and push the remaining blood into the ventricles. - ANSWER d. The atria contract toward the end of diastole and push the remaining blood into the ventricles. When listening to heart sounds, the nurse knows the valve closures that can be heard best at the base of the heart are: a. Mitral and tricuspid. b. Tricuspid and aortic. c. Aortic and pulmonic. d. Mitral and pulmonic. - ANSWER c. Aortic and pulmonic. Which of these statements describes the closure of the valves in a normal cardiac cycle? a. The aortic valve closes slightly before the tricuspid valve. b. The pulmonic valve closes slightly before the aortic valve. c. The tricuspid valve closes slightly later than the mitral valve. d. Both the tricuspid and pulmonic valves close at the same time. - ANSWER c. The tricuspid valve closes slightly later than the mitral valve. The component of the conduction system referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is the: a. Atrioventricular (AV) node. b. Sinoatrial (SA) node. c. Bundle of His. d. Bundle branches. - ANSWER b. Sinoatrial (SA) node. The electrical stimulus of the cardiac cycle follows which sequence? a. AV node - SA node - bundle of His b. Bundle of His - AV node - SA node c. SA node - AV node - bundle of His - bundle branches d. AV node - SA node - bundle of His - bundle branches - ANSWER d. AV node - SA node - bundle of His - bundle branches The findings from an assessment of a 70-year-old patient with swelling in his ankles include jugular venous pulsations 5 cm above the sternal angle when the head of his bed is elevated 45 degrees. The nurse knows that this finding indicates: a. Decreased fluid volume. b... Increased cardiac output. c. Narrowing of jugular veins. d. Elevated pressure related to heart failure. - ANSWER d. Elevated pressure related to heart failure.