NSCI 175 Exam One questions with correct answers

Describe key breakthroughs in our understanding of the nervous system through history Answer 1930- central dogma (how DNA codes proteins) 1960- Seymour Benzor (behavior change and specific gene mutations Eric Kandel- learning has a molecular basis... aplysia neuronal tissue is studied 1980's : Numa's lab discovers voltage gated sodium channels 1990's- Sudof: calcium ions alter shape of proteins Four major advancements: localization of specific function, neuron, evolution, dorsal and ventral roots, electricity makes muscles twitch Explain why progress in science is often slow Answer Funding, trial and error, opinion differences, ethics, limited technology, approval of studies, misinformation, social norms Explain the reductionist approach Answer Approach to understanding the nature of complex things by reducing them to the interactions of their parts, or to simpler or more fundamental things Compare different levels of analysis in neuroscience research (molecular, cellular, systems, behavioral, and cognitive neuroscience) Answer Molecular: messengers, neuron communication and growth Cellular: how molecules work together to give neurons special properties Systems: how different neuronal circuits analyze info and perception Behavioral: how systems work together to make integrated behavior Cognitive: how brain activity creates the mind List and Describe the four essential steps in the