Power and the People part 3 – reform and reformers
When was Chartism?####1837-48
What were the causes of Chartism?####goveconomy
How was government a cause of Chartism?####corrupt voting systemmistreatment of campaigners
Why was the voting system corrupt?####few could voteno secret ballotMPs not paidconstituency
boundaries not changed
Who could vote in 1837?####counties - only land owning menboroughs - varied
What was the problem with not changing constituency boundaries?####rotten boroughsnew
industrial towns weren’t proportionally represented
Def: rotten borough####old sparsely populated uninhabited constituencies that were represented
disproportionally
Eg: mistreatment of campaigners####Peterloo Massacre
When was Peterloo?####1819
What was the Peterloo Massacre?####yeomanry sent to a peaceful protest of 60,000 led by Henry
Hunt
What were the casualties of Peterloo?####400 wounded18 killed
What was the result of the Peterloo protest?####Six Acts
Def: Six Acts####restriction of political opposition
How was economy a cause of Chartism?####Corn Lawspoor harvests
Def: Corn Laws####tariffs on cheap foreign grain
What was the result of Corn Laws?####bread expensive
What were the methods of Chartism?####communicationviolence
When were the Chartists founded?####1836
Who founded the Chartists?####William Lovett
What methods did Lovett believe in?####‘moral force’ - peaceful methods
Eg: peaceful methods of Chartism####1838: People’s charter to demand a better voting
systempetitions (1839, 42, 48)
What was the result of the People’s charter (and subsequent petitions?)####rejection
What did Chartists do in response to the rejection of the 1st petition?####1839: Newport Rising
What was the Newport Rising?####10,000 Chartists attempted jailbreak of other incarcerated
Chartists, soldiers intervened - 20 killed
What was the Chartists’ response to the rejection of the 2nd petition?####1842: Riots
Eg: 1842 Riots####Plug Plot riots
, What were the Plug Plot riots?####workers destroyed machinery taking their jobs
Who led 1842 riots?####Feargus O’Connor
What did Feargus O’Connor believe in?####physical force
What was the short term significance of Chartism?####limited
Why was the short term significance of Chartism limited?####movement dividedmovement
suppressed
Why was the movement divided?####Lovett’s belief in moral force vs O’Connor’s in physical force
How was the movement suppressed?####petitions rejected100 Chartists sent to Australian penal
colony
When/where/what was the final Chartist rally?####1848: 50,000 marchers on Kennington common
only 10 allowed to progress to Downing Street
What was the long term significance of Chartism?####much greater
Why was the long term significance of Chartism much greater?####central demands met w/in 50
yearsChartists used their campaign skills in other movements
When was secret ballot granted?####1872
When could all men vote?####1918
Eg: movements Chartists were part of####Match Girls’ StrikeMay Day
What were the 3 reform movements?####anti slavery movementanti corn law leaguesocial and
factory reform
What were the causes of the anti slavery reform?####ideaseconomy
What ideas caused the anti-slavery reform?####welfare concerns
Why did economy cause the anti-slavery movement?####concern for working conditions of British
workers → slaves
What were British workers know as during anti-slavery movement?####white slaves
What were the methods of the anti-slavery movement?####communicationviolence
How was communication a method of the anti-slavery movement?####Society for Abolition of Slave
TradeThomas Clarksonboycotting
What did Society for Abolition of Slave Trade do?####speechespetitionspublished slave’s memoirs
What did Thomas Clarkson do?####toured making speeches
What did people boycott?####bakeries using sugar from slave plantations
How was violence used in the anti-slavery movement?####slaves led violent revolts
Eg: revolt of slaves####1804: Toussaint L’Ouverture killed plantation owners of St. Dominique →
foundation of Haiti
What was the short term significance of the anti-slavery movement?####mixed
When was Chartism?####1837-48
What were the causes of Chartism?####goveconomy
How was government a cause of Chartism?####corrupt voting systemmistreatment of campaigners
Why was the voting system corrupt?####few could voteno secret ballotMPs not paidconstituency
boundaries not changed
Who could vote in 1837?####counties - only land owning menboroughs - varied
What was the problem with not changing constituency boundaries?####rotten boroughsnew
industrial towns weren’t proportionally represented
Def: rotten borough####old sparsely populated uninhabited constituencies that were represented
disproportionally
Eg: mistreatment of campaigners####Peterloo Massacre
When was Peterloo?####1819
What was the Peterloo Massacre?####yeomanry sent to a peaceful protest of 60,000 led by Henry
Hunt
What were the casualties of Peterloo?####400 wounded18 killed
What was the result of the Peterloo protest?####Six Acts
Def: Six Acts####restriction of political opposition
How was economy a cause of Chartism?####Corn Lawspoor harvests
Def: Corn Laws####tariffs on cheap foreign grain
What was the result of Corn Laws?####bread expensive
What were the methods of Chartism?####communicationviolence
When were the Chartists founded?####1836
Who founded the Chartists?####William Lovett
What methods did Lovett believe in?####‘moral force’ - peaceful methods
Eg: peaceful methods of Chartism####1838: People’s charter to demand a better voting
systempetitions (1839, 42, 48)
What was the result of the People’s charter (and subsequent petitions?)####rejection
What did Chartists do in response to the rejection of the 1st petition?####1839: Newport Rising
What was the Newport Rising?####10,000 Chartists attempted jailbreak of other incarcerated
Chartists, soldiers intervened - 20 killed
What was the Chartists’ response to the rejection of the 2nd petition?####1842: Riots
Eg: 1842 Riots####Plug Plot riots
, What were the Plug Plot riots?####workers destroyed machinery taking their jobs
Who led 1842 riots?####Feargus O’Connor
What did Feargus O’Connor believe in?####physical force
What was the short term significance of Chartism?####limited
Why was the short term significance of Chartism limited?####movement dividedmovement
suppressed
Why was the movement divided?####Lovett’s belief in moral force vs O’Connor’s in physical force
How was the movement suppressed?####petitions rejected100 Chartists sent to Australian penal
colony
When/where/what was the final Chartist rally?####1848: 50,000 marchers on Kennington common
only 10 allowed to progress to Downing Street
What was the long term significance of Chartism?####much greater
Why was the long term significance of Chartism much greater?####central demands met w/in 50
yearsChartists used their campaign skills in other movements
When was secret ballot granted?####1872
When could all men vote?####1918
Eg: movements Chartists were part of####Match Girls’ StrikeMay Day
What were the 3 reform movements?####anti slavery movementanti corn law leaguesocial and
factory reform
What were the causes of the anti slavery reform?####ideaseconomy
What ideas caused the anti-slavery reform?####welfare concerns
Why did economy cause the anti-slavery movement?####concern for working conditions of British
workers → slaves
What were British workers know as during anti-slavery movement?####white slaves
What were the methods of the anti-slavery movement?####communicationviolence
How was communication a method of the anti-slavery movement?####Society for Abolition of Slave
TradeThomas Clarksonboycotting
What did Society for Abolition of Slave Trade do?####speechespetitionspublished slave’s memoirs
What did Thomas Clarkson do?####toured making speeches
What did people boycott?####bakeries using sugar from slave plantations
How was violence used in the anti-slavery movement?####slaves led violent revolts
Eg: revolt of slaves####1804: Toussaint L’Ouverture killed plantation owners of St. Dominique →
foundation of Haiti
What was the short term significance of the anti-slavery movement?####mixed
