BIO 351 FINAL EXAM 2023 WITH ALL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Axonal growth cones are highly dynamic structures that utilize ____________ to
modulate formation of finger like extensions known as filopodia and wave like
extensions called _________
A. Neurotrophins, microtubules
B. Apoptosis, dendritic spines
C. Bcl-2 family members, dendrites
D. Rho GTPase family members, lamellipodia - ANSWER D
In an experiment involving an E10.5 mouse embryo, there is very little Caspase-3
activation in the heterozygote. However, the homozygous knockout mouse
showed significant inrease in Caspase-3 labeling in the developing DRG. Loss of
which of the following genes would be LEAST likely to result in this finding?
A. Bcl-2
B. NGF
C. Bax
D. TrkC
E. NT-3 - ANSWER C
If you took a fibroblast and increased the expression of Oct4 (Pou5tf), Myc, Klf4,
and Sox2, you would be able to convert them into cells with the differentiation
potential most similar to which of the following?
A. Epiblast
B. Satellite Cells
C. Neural Plate Cells
D. Somites
E. Zygote - ANSWER A
,What embryonic tissue generates most of the cells in the placenta that regulate
nutrient transfer between the maternal and fetal bloodstreams?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. Trophoblast - ANSWER D
You have discovered that a pesticide binds to the androgen receptor and causes
defects in the developing male reproductive tract. This is an example of which of
the following?
A. Teratogen
B. Hormone
C. Endocrine disruptor
D. Protein - ANSWER C
If a woman has damaged Fallopian tubes, which of the following would be the best
protocol for in vitro fertilization?
A. Intra-Fallopian transfer of a fertilized oocyte
B. Intra-uterine transfer of a blastocyst
C. Intra-uterine transfer of a fertilized oocyte
D. Hormone replacement therapy - ANSWER B
Where will neuroepithelial progenitors of the developing CNS undergo mitosis?
A. at the ventricular surface
B. at the pial surface
C. at the midpoint halfway between the pia and ventricle
D. randomly at any point
E. neuroepithelial progenitors are postmitotic and do not divide - ANSWER A
A pregnant woman is exposed to a high concentration of a known teratogen
during weeks 4-8 of her pregnancy. Rate the potential of harm for her baby
,A. High risk, many organs may be affected
B. lethal, embryos will die
C. low risk, only ears or eyes may be affected
D. no risk - ANSWER A
Your patient is a 17 y/o male with delayed puberty with a lack of secondary sex
characteristics. Examination demonstrates he also has anosmia, a repaired cleft
palate and hearing loss. Which of the following is the most likely reason for his
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?
A. Androgen insensitivity syndrome
B. Kallmann syndrome
C. Frolich syndrome
D. Klinefelter syndrome - ANSWER B
If you wanted to regenerate cartilage in an athlete's knee, which of the following
would be the most likely to be successful?
A. injection of chondrocytes into the knee
B. inject ES cells in the knee
C. differentiate iPS cells into new cartilage
D. induce a scar to form - ANSWER C
Which of the following is true in morphollactic regeneration in hydra?
A. Wnt genes specify formation of the hypostome (head structures).
B. cells need to proliferate to get regeneration of tissue structures
C. when cut in half, the head half can regenerate but not the foot half
D. When cut in half, the foot half can regenerate but not the head half. -
ANSWER A
During early development, the gut tube becomes separated from which structure?
A. notochord
B. neural tube
, C. heart
D. yolk sac
E. somites - ANSWER D
In the course of studying cultured embryonic neurons, you would like to induce
synapse formation. Application of which of the following proteins would be LEAST
likely to increase synaptogenesis?
A. BDNF
B. Agrin
C. Ephrin
D. NGF - ANSWER C
What is a key difference between epimorphic regeneration, as seen in the
salamander limb, compared to stem cell mediated regeneration?
A. regrowth of the amputated body part
B. de novo patterning of the tissues
C. formation of skin, muscle, and cartilage
D. dedifferentiation to form a blastema
E. formation of iPS cells - ANSWER D
Toxoplasmosis is often linked to hydrocephalus, a potentially harmful condition
that directly results from:
A. loss of lung surfactant
B. Obstruction of CSF flow
C. loss of nodal cells
D. obstruction of blood flow to the placenta - ANSWER B
A 17 y/o patient comes into the clinic with a lack of menstruation and obesity.
Tests show the patient has very low levels of FSH and LH. Which of the following is
the most likely defect?
A. Turner syndrome
ANSWERS
Axonal growth cones are highly dynamic structures that utilize ____________ to
modulate formation of finger like extensions known as filopodia and wave like
extensions called _________
A. Neurotrophins, microtubules
B. Apoptosis, dendritic spines
C. Bcl-2 family members, dendrites
D. Rho GTPase family members, lamellipodia - ANSWER D
In an experiment involving an E10.5 mouse embryo, there is very little Caspase-3
activation in the heterozygote. However, the homozygous knockout mouse
showed significant inrease in Caspase-3 labeling in the developing DRG. Loss of
which of the following genes would be LEAST likely to result in this finding?
A. Bcl-2
B. NGF
C. Bax
D. TrkC
E. NT-3 - ANSWER C
If you took a fibroblast and increased the expression of Oct4 (Pou5tf), Myc, Klf4,
and Sox2, you would be able to convert them into cells with the differentiation
potential most similar to which of the following?
A. Epiblast
B. Satellite Cells
C. Neural Plate Cells
D. Somites
E. Zygote - ANSWER A
,What embryonic tissue generates most of the cells in the placenta that regulate
nutrient transfer between the maternal and fetal bloodstreams?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. Trophoblast - ANSWER D
You have discovered that a pesticide binds to the androgen receptor and causes
defects in the developing male reproductive tract. This is an example of which of
the following?
A. Teratogen
B. Hormone
C. Endocrine disruptor
D. Protein - ANSWER C
If a woman has damaged Fallopian tubes, which of the following would be the best
protocol for in vitro fertilization?
A. Intra-Fallopian transfer of a fertilized oocyte
B. Intra-uterine transfer of a blastocyst
C. Intra-uterine transfer of a fertilized oocyte
D. Hormone replacement therapy - ANSWER B
Where will neuroepithelial progenitors of the developing CNS undergo mitosis?
A. at the ventricular surface
B. at the pial surface
C. at the midpoint halfway between the pia and ventricle
D. randomly at any point
E. neuroepithelial progenitors are postmitotic and do not divide - ANSWER A
A pregnant woman is exposed to a high concentration of a known teratogen
during weeks 4-8 of her pregnancy. Rate the potential of harm for her baby
,A. High risk, many organs may be affected
B. lethal, embryos will die
C. low risk, only ears or eyes may be affected
D. no risk - ANSWER A
Your patient is a 17 y/o male with delayed puberty with a lack of secondary sex
characteristics. Examination demonstrates he also has anosmia, a repaired cleft
palate and hearing loss. Which of the following is the most likely reason for his
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?
A. Androgen insensitivity syndrome
B. Kallmann syndrome
C. Frolich syndrome
D. Klinefelter syndrome - ANSWER B
If you wanted to regenerate cartilage in an athlete's knee, which of the following
would be the most likely to be successful?
A. injection of chondrocytes into the knee
B. inject ES cells in the knee
C. differentiate iPS cells into new cartilage
D. induce a scar to form - ANSWER C
Which of the following is true in morphollactic regeneration in hydra?
A. Wnt genes specify formation of the hypostome (head structures).
B. cells need to proliferate to get regeneration of tissue structures
C. when cut in half, the head half can regenerate but not the foot half
D. When cut in half, the foot half can regenerate but not the head half. -
ANSWER A
During early development, the gut tube becomes separated from which structure?
A. notochord
B. neural tube
, C. heart
D. yolk sac
E. somites - ANSWER D
In the course of studying cultured embryonic neurons, you would like to induce
synapse formation. Application of which of the following proteins would be LEAST
likely to increase synaptogenesis?
A. BDNF
B. Agrin
C. Ephrin
D. NGF - ANSWER C
What is a key difference between epimorphic regeneration, as seen in the
salamander limb, compared to stem cell mediated regeneration?
A. regrowth of the amputated body part
B. de novo patterning of the tissues
C. formation of skin, muscle, and cartilage
D. dedifferentiation to form a blastema
E. formation of iPS cells - ANSWER D
Toxoplasmosis is often linked to hydrocephalus, a potentially harmful condition
that directly results from:
A. loss of lung surfactant
B. Obstruction of CSF flow
C. loss of nodal cells
D. obstruction of blood flow to the placenta - ANSWER B
A 17 y/o patient comes into the clinic with a lack of menstruation and obesity.
Tests show the patient has very low levels of FSH and LH. Which of the following is
the most likely defect?
A. Turner syndrome
