Energy transfer in and between organisms Condensed Notes

Energy transfer in and between organisms
● Photosynthesis
○ Light dependant reaction in the grana/thylakoids
○ Light independent reaction/Calvin cycle in the stroma
● Respiration
○ Glycolysis
○ Aerobic respiration
■ Link reaction
■ Krebs cycle
■ Oxidative phosphorylation
○ Anaerobic respiration
■ Lactate (animals)
■ Ethanol and CO2 (plants and microorganisms)
● Energy and ecosystems
○ Food chains
■ Biomass
■ Productivity
○ Use of natural and artificial fertiliser
○ Nutrient cycles
■ Carbon cycle
■ Nitrogen cycle
■ Phosphorus cycle


● Biological processes need energy
● Photosynthesis




○ Stores energy in glucose

, ○ In the chloroplasts




■ The light dependant reaction (LDR)
● Needs light energy
● In the thylakoid membranes
● Photoionisation - oxidation of chlorophyll using light energy
● Photolysis
● Photophosphorylation - cyclic/non-cyclic
■ The light independent reaction (LIR)/calvin cycle




● In the stroma
● CO2 reacts with RuBP to form 2 molecules of GP, catalysed by
rubisco enzyme