ATI TEAS VI (6) - Science
Anatomical Position
Standard positioning of the body as standing; feet together; arms to the side; with head,
eyes, and palms of hands forward
Cells
The basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are created
Cellular Functions
Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and
movement
Body Cavities
spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs
Organ Systems
Functional groups of organs that work together within the body: Circulatory,
integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine,
lymphatic, muscular, nervous; 11 total
Organelle
A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function
Organ
A self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function
Reference Planes
Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal, coronal, and transverse
Sagittal/Lateral Plane
A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right
and left sides; Left/Right division
Coronal/Frontal Plane
A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into
anterior and posterior portions; Front/Back division
Transverse/Axial Plane
A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts;
Top/Bottom division
Tissue
A group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level
than organs
Centrosome
Forms mitotic spindle (cell division); Builds microtubules (non dividing cells)
Cilia/Flagella
Movement
Ribosomes
Protein Synthesis
Rough ER
Protein synthesis and processing
Smooth ER
Fatty acid and steroid (lipid) synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
, The transport network that is responsible for the transference of proteins throughout a
cell; a network of membranes found throughout the cell
Golgi Apparatus/Complex
Packages and sends proteins; Assists in the transport, but is not the actual transport
network
Lysosomes
Break down/digest molecules
Mitochondria
ATP Production
Nucleus
Controls structure, produces ribosomes, and directs cell
Peroxisome
Oxidation and detoxification
Proteasome
Degrades bad proteins
Cytoskeleton
Cell shape, support, and movement (includes microtubules, microfilaments, and
intermediate filaments)
Superior
Towards the head of the body
Inferior
Away from the head
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
Lateral
Away from midline
Medial
Towards midline
Proximal
Toward center of body/point of attachment
Distal
Away from center of body/point of attachment
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs i the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
Asthma
A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed airways and difficulty breathing
Bronchi
The main passageways directly attached to the lungs
Bronchioles
Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli
Cystic Fibrosis
A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, characterized by difficulty
breathing, coughing up sputum, and lung infections
Perfusion
Anatomical Position
Standard positioning of the body as standing; feet together; arms to the side; with head,
eyes, and palms of hands forward
Cells
The basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are created
Cellular Functions
Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and
movement
Body Cavities
spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs
Organ Systems
Functional groups of organs that work together within the body: Circulatory,
integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine,
lymphatic, muscular, nervous; 11 total
Organelle
A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function
Organ
A self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function
Reference Planes
Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal, coronal, and transverse
Sagittal/Lateral Plane
A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right
and left sides; Left/Right division
Coronal/Frontal Plane
A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into
anterior and posterior portions; Front/Back division
Transverse/Axial Plane
A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts;
Top/Bottom division
Tissue
A group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level
than organs
Centrosome
Forms mitotic spindle (cell division); Builds microtubules (non dividing cells)
Cilia/Flagella
Movement
Ribosomes
Protein Synthesis
Rough ER
Protein synthesis and processing
Smooth ER
Fatty acid and steroid (lipid) synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
, The transport network that is responsible for the transference of proteins throughout a
cell; a network of membranes found throughout the cell
Golgi Apparatus/Complex
Packages and sends proteins; Assists in the transport, but is not the actual transport
network
Lysosomes
Break down/digest molecules
Mitochondria
ATP Production
Nucleus
Controls structure, produces ribosomes, and directs cell
Peroxisome
Oxidation and detoxification
Proteasome
Degrades bad proteins
Cytoskeleton
Cell shape, support, and movement (includes microtubules, microfilaments, and
intermediate filaments)
Superior
Towards the head of the body
Inferior
Away from the head
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
Lateral
Away from midline
Medial
Towards midline
Proximal
Toward center of body/point of attachment
Distal
Away from center of body/point of attachment
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs i the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
Asthma
A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed airways and difficulty breathing
Bronchi
The main passageways directly attached to the lungs
Bronchioles
Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli
Cystic Fibrosis
A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, characterized by difficulty
breathing, coughing up sputum, and lung infections
Perfusion
