MGMT 320 FINAL EXAM - TOMA ULL
SPRING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2023
Role of a Manager - Correct Answer-Create an environment that promotes or induces
the individual to motivate themselves.
4 Functions of Management - Correct Answer-1) Planning - setting goals and deciding
how to achieve them
2) Organizing - arranging tasks, people, and resources to accomplish goals
3) Leading - motivating people to work hard to achieve the organizations goals
4) Control - seeing that the right things happen at the right times in the right way to
achieve the organizations goals
Hypothetical Constructs - Correct Answer-Terms or concepts that have been created in
the social sciences that only exist as far as we define them.
Motivation - Correct Answer-Refers to the psychological and/or physiological forces
within an individual that we can use to explain and understand the level, direction, and
persistence of efforts at work.
When studying theory you should focus on... - Correct Answer-implication and
application.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Correct Answer-1) Physiological - need for food,
clothing, shelter, comfort, and self preservation
2) Safety - need for physical safety, emotional security, and avoidance of violence
3) Love - need for love, friendship, and affection
4) Esteem - need for self respect, status, reputation, recognition, and self-confidence
5) Self-actualization - need for self-fulfillment, increasing competence and using abilities
to the fullest
McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory - Correct Answer-1) Achievement - need to excel
at tasks
2) Affiliation - need to have close relationships
3) Power - need to have influence over others
Ryan and Deci's Self-determination Theory - Correct Answer-1) Competence - want to
feel a sense of mastery
2) Autonomy - want to feel independent and able to control my environment
3) Relatedness - want to feel connected to other people
, Herzberg's Two Factor Theory - Correct Answer-1) Hygiene - lower level needs
associated with dissatisfaction
2) Motivating - higher level needs associated with satisfaction
Equity Theory - Correct Answer-1) Inputs - what are you putting into your work
2) Outputs - what are you getting out of your job
3) Comparison - is your ratio of inputs to outputs equal to others
Expectancy Theory - Correct Answer-1) Expectancy - the belief that efforts will result in
performance
2) Instrumentality - the belief that performance will result in rewards
3) Valence - the perceived value of the reward
Justice Theory - Correct Answer-1) Distributive Justice - how fairly the rewards are
given out
2) Procedural Justice - how fair is the process for handing out rewards
3) Interactional Justice - how fairly am i treated after the rewards are given out
Goal-setting Theory - Correct Answer-Goals should be SMART
- Specific
- Measurable
- Attainable
- Relevant
- Time-bound
Motivational Mechanisms of Goal-setting Theory - Correct Answer-1) It directs your
attention toward goal relevant tasks and away from irrelevant ones
2) It regulates the effort expended by making the effort proportional to the goals difficulty
3) It increases persistence by making obstacles challenges that need to be fulfilled
instead of reasons to fail
4) It fosters the use of strategies and action plans in order to increase likelihood of
achievement
Reinforcement Theory - Correct Answer-1) Positive Reinforcement - strengthening good
behavior by giving a reward
2) Negative Reinforcement - strengthening good behavior by taking away something
negative
3) Punishment - weakening bad behavior by presenting something negative or taking
away something positive
4) Extinction - weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it does not get
reinforced
Operant Behavior Modification (OB-Mod) - Correct Answer-Operant/Purposeful
behavior can be modified through a reinforcement process based on the law of effects
SPRING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2023
Role of a Manager - Correct Answer-Create an environment that promotes or induces
the individual to motivate themselves.
4 Functions of Management - Correct Answer-1) Planning - setting goals and deciding
how to achieve them
2) Organizing - arranging tasks, people, and resources to accomplish goals
3) Leading - motivating people to work hard to achieve the organizations goals
4) Control - seeing that the right things happen at the right times in the right way to
achieve the organizations goals
Hypothetical Constructs - Correct Answer-Terms or concepts that have been created in
the social sciences that only exist as far as we define them.
Motivation - Correct Answer-Refers to the psychological and/or physiological forces
within an individual that we can use to explain and understand the level, direction, and
persistence of efforts at work.
When studying theory you should focus on... - Correct Answer-implication and
application.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Correct Answer-1) Physiological - need for food,
clothing, shelter, comfort, and self preservation
2) Safety - need for physical safety, emotional security, and avoidance of violence
3) Love - need for love, friendship, and affection
4) Esteem - need for self respect, status, reputation, recognition, and self-confidence
5) Self-actualization - need for self-fulfillment, increasing competence and using abilities
to the fullest
McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory - Correct Answer-1) Achievement - need to excel
at tasks
2) Affiliation - need to have close relationships
3) Power - need to have influence over others
Ryan and Deci's Self-determination Theory - Correct Answer-1) Competence - want to
feel a sense of mastery
2) Autonomy - want to feel independent and able to control my environment
3) Relatedness - want to feel connected to other people
, Herzberg's Two Factor Theory - Correct Answer-1) Hygiene - lower level needs
associated with dissatisfaction
2) Motivating - higher level needs associated with satisfaction
Equity Theory - Correct Answer-1) Inputs - what are you putting into your work
2) Outputs - what are you getting out of your job
3) Comparison - is your ratio of inputs to outputs equal to others
Expectancy Theory - Correct Answer-1) Expectancy - the belief that efforts will result in
performance
2) Instrumentality - the belief that performance will result in rewards
3) Valence - the perceived value of the reward
Justice Theory - Correct Answer-1) Distributive Justice - how fairly the rewards are
given out
2) Procedural Justice - how fair is the process for handing out rewards
3) Interactional Justice - how fairly am i treated after the rewards are given out
Goal-setting Theory - Correct Answer-Goals should be SMART
- Specific
- Measurable
- Attainable
- Relevant
- Time-bound
Motivational Mechanisms of Goal-setting Theory - Correct Answer-1) It directs your
attention toward goal relevant tasks and away from irrelevant ones
2) It regulates the effort expended by making the effort proportional to the goals difficulty
3) It increases persistence by making obstacles challenges that need to be fulfilled
instead of reasons to fail
4) It fosters the use of strategies and action plans in order to increase likelihood of
achievement
Reinforcement Theory - Correct Answer-1) Positive Reinforcement - strengthening good
behavior by giving a reward
2) Negative Reinforcement - strengthening good behavior by taking away something
negative
3) Punishment - weakening bad behavior by presenting something negative or taking
away something positive
4) Extinction - weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it does not get
reinforced
Operant Behavior Modification (OB-Mod) - Correct Answer-Operant/Purposeful
behavior can be modified through a reinforcement process based on the law of effects
