RD Exam - Domain II, MNT(question and answers)graded A+ 2023 updated to pass

RD Exam - Domain II, MNT(question and answers)graded A+ 2023 updated to passHow do H₂ Blockers (Cimetidine, Ranitidine) help w/ gastric ulcers? - correct answer Prevents binding of histamine to receptor; decreases acid secretion Diverticulosis - correct answer Presence of diverticula (mucosal sacs in intestinal wall) rx: High fiber diet Diverticulitis - correct answer When diverticula become inflamed rx: Clear liquids (Low residue diet or elemental), gradual return to high fiber Describe how to tell if someone has lactose intolerance using the lactose tolerance test - correct answer If lactose intolerant - blood glucose will not rise past 25 mg/dl above fasting (flat curve) If tolerant - glucose will rise above 25 mg/dL (normal curve) What should be avoided w/ lactose intolerance? What might be tolerated? - correct answer Avoid - animal milk/milk products May tolerate - yogurt & small amounts of aged cheese What should be restricted in children up to age 6 in order to prevent chronic, nonspecific infantile diarrhea - correct answer No more that 4 oz or apple/grape juice 2' high osmolar loads What type of small bowel resection is more dangerous? What are some consequences? - correct answer ileal resection - ileum normally absorbs B₁₂, Intrinsic factor, bile salts, and major portion of fluid -If bile salts are recycled, lipids can't be emulsified --> malabsoprtion of fat-soluble vitamins Nutritional Care for ileal resection - correct answer limit fat - use MCT oil (because it doesn't need bile salts for digestion) Parental B₁₂ initially followed by monthly injections What are the 4 liver enzymes and what is indicated if they are elevated? - correct answer ALP - Alkaline phosphatase LDH - lactic acid dehydrogenase AST - aspartate aminotransferase ALT - alanine aminotransferase Elevated liver enzymes indicates tissue damage Nutrition care for hepititis - correct answer Small, frequent feedings 2' anorexia High protein can help prevent fatty liver Describe how ascites occurs w/ liver disease - correct answer Connective tissue overgrowth blocks blood flow out of liver in to vena cava Fluid/blood builds up in liver, eventually leaking into peritoneal cavity High osmolar load pulls more fluid, leading to sodium & water retention What causes esophageal varicies? - correct answer Portal htn Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - correct answer confusion/ams 2' thamine deficiency - typically seen in alcoholic cirrhosis Typical treatments for ESLD - correct answer supplementing BCAAs - may not have benefit Lactulose - removes N Neomycin - destroys bacteria that produce ammonia Diet rx for HTN - correct answer low sodium ( ≤ 2400 mg), DASH diet