Summary AQA ALEVEL BIOLOGY NOTES ON RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

RNA & Protein Synthesis
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-




- -




• Both mRNA and tRNA are involved in the process of protein synthesis .




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① I'm!9%%iaHhe
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Rna nucleotide
I 3 end
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B C
←
amino acid
site
/ .
c.
A
binding
r



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I
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:c:c
.


e.
Sugar AEU
/
D-
104 [T
UEA
loop
U -


c A
( -




i
' to
↳AcG
a

µ Hydrogen bonds



↳ €81
CE0 between base
pairs
mRNA the code from the DNA
carries
genetic
•




④
GEC
to the ribosomes , where it's used to make a
protein A anticodon
=
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[
during translation .
loop
U y
•
mRNA codons of three adjacent bases
are
groups .

GAA
-
( also called base triplets / triplets) anti codon



tRNA that
1apton
.
carries the amino acids are used to make
proteins
to the ribosomes .




strand folded
ERNA is a
single poly nucleotide that 's into a
•




•
In transcription mRNA of is made clover shape
gene
: a
an
copy
.




from DNA .
.



Hydrogen bonds between specific base
pairs
hold the molecule

•

Transcription takes place in the nucleus in
eukaryotic in this shape .




Cells and
cytoplasm in
prokaryotes Every tRNA molecule has a
specific sequence of three
•


.




bases at one end called an anti codon .




① RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA
- RNA polymerase
anti sense strand
"


↳ E-
-
"




:* ::÷::÷:÷:÷¥::÷"
"

a



Hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands
-



=

in the break separating the strands I
gene , .




-

One of the strands is then used as a
template to

make an mRNA copy .




ZA.org/ementarymRNAisformed--
-




complementary phosphodiester
strand
sense E bond
to




::÷÷÷::::÷:÷::÷:L
.




a

'
)
'

strand 13 -5
template .

=
µ
,
•
RNA nucleotides are joined to adjacent nucleotides I ↳ A
Free RNA
by phosphodiester bonds to form the mRNA strand .
nucleotides
•
mRNA strand becomes a complementary copy of the DNA

anti sense -


template strand .
( base T replaced by U in RNA )