ATLS Practice Test 1 with complete solutions

• Which one of the following is the recommended method for initially treating frostbite? • vasodilators • anticoagulants • warm (40°C) water • padding and elevation • application of heat from a hair dryer • A 6­year­old boy is struck by an automobile and brought to the emergency department. He is lethargic, but withdraws purposefully from painful stimuli. His blood pressure is 90 mm Hg systolic, heart rate is 140 beats per minute, and his respiratory rate is 36 breaths per minute. The preferred route of venous access in this patient is: • percutaneous femoral vein cannulation. • cutdown on the saphenous vein at the ankle. • intraosseous catheter placement in the proximal tibia. • percutaneous peripheral veins in the upper extremities. • central venous access via the subclavian or internal jugular vein.