PAEDIATRIC
PROTOCOLS
For Malaysian Hospitals
4th Edition
Hussain Imam Hj Muhammad Ismail
Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim
Ng Hoong Phak
Terrence Thomas
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
2019 Print
,PAEDIATRIC
PROTOCOLS
For Malaysian Hospitals
4th Edition
Hussain Imam Hj Muhammad Ismail
Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim
Ng Hoong Phak
Terrence Thomas
printed by the
Malaysian Paediatric Association
for
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
i
, 4th Edition, 2018
2nd Print, August 2019
ii
, FOREWORD BY THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF HEALTH, MALAYSIA
1. First and foremost, I would like to thank the Editorial Board and it is my
pleasure to write the foreword for the Paediatric Protocols for Malaysia
Hospital 4th Edition.
2. Since independence, the Malaysian health system has achieved remark-
able outcomes in improving the health status of the population.
Life expectancy at birth has increased by more than 10 years, driven by rapid
declines in infant, child, and maternal mortality. However, over the past 15
years, the declines in maternal and child mortality rates have plateaued,
with no further notable improvement.
3. Over the years, we have seen the introduction of new technologies in
health system. Healthcare workers must keep up with current therapeutics
developments and ensure that they provide safe, appropriate and effective
treatment to their patients. Clearly, then, the development and maintenance
of effective therapeutic skills is essential especially to those working in acute
settings.
4. This pocket book is mainly aimed at doctors, clinical officers, nurses and
other healthcare workers who are responsible for the care of sick newborns
and young children. These protocols are meant to serve as a guide for clinical
practice, based on the best available evidence at the time of development.
Every healthcare worker is responsible for the management of their patient
based on the clinical features presented by the patient and the management
options available locally. We hope this handy pocket sized booklet will also be
useful to students in medical schools and other training institutions.
Datuk Dr Noor Hisham bin Abdullah
Director-General of Health, Malaysia
iii
PROTOCOLS
For Malaysian Hospitals
4th Edition
Hussain Imam Hj Muhammad Ismail
Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim
Ng Hoong Phak
Terrence Thomas
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
2019 Print
,PAEDIATRIC
PROTOCOLS
For Malaysian Hospitals
4th Edition
Hussain Imam Hj Muhammad Ismail
Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim
Ng Hoong Phak
Terrence Thomas
printed by the
Malaysian Paediatric Association
for
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
i
, 4th Edition, 2018
2nd Print, August 2019
ii
, FOREWORD BY THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF HEALTH, MALAYSIA
1. First and foremost, I would like to thank the Editorial Board and it is my
pleasure to write the foreword for the Paediatric Protocols for Malaysia
Hospital 4th Edition.
2. Since independence, the Malaysian health system has achieved remark-
able outcomes in improving the health status of the population.
Life expectancy at birth has increased by more than 10 years, driven by rapid
declines in infant, child, and maternal mortality. However, over the past 15
years, the declines in maternal and child mortality rates have plateaued,
with no further notable improvement.
3. Over the years, we have seen the introduction of new technologies in
health system. Healthcare workers must keep up with current therapeutics
developments and ensure that they provide safe, appropriate and effective
treatment to their patients. Clearly, then, the development and maintenance
of effective therapeutic skills is essential especially to those working in acute
settings.
4. This pocket book is mainly aimed at doctors, clinical officers, nurses and
other healthcare workers who are responsible for the care of sick newborns
and young children. These protocols are meant to serve as a guide for clinical
practice, based on the best available evidence at the time of development.
Every healthcare worker is responsible for the management of their patient
based on the clinical features presented by the patient and the management
options available locally. We hope this handy pocket sized booklet will also be
useful to students in medical schools and other training institutions.
Datuk Dr Noor Hisham bin Abdullah
Director-General of Health, Malaysia
iii
