BONENT Practice Exam with complete solutions

Commercial heparin is obtained from which of the following? 1. Beef lung 2. Hog intestinal mucosa 3. Urea 4. Sheep lung - Answer- Beef lung A patient complains of a cold hand, especially the fingers. The technician should tell the patient it may be caused by - Answer- Which of the following side affects may occur if the rollers of the blood pump are over occluded? (A) Air in the blood circuit (B) TMP will rise (C) Hemolysis may occur (D) Blood will not be circulated through the kidney - Answer- A The most effective treatment for muscle cramping during dialysis treatment is to inject a bolus of (A) hypertonic saline into the injection port on the venous blood line. (B) hypertonic saline into the blood line through the arterial injection port. (C) dextrose 25% into the blood line through the venous injection port. (D) dextrose 25% into the blood line through the arterial injection port. - Answer- Which of the following are the two most important factors to consider when choosing a dialyzer? (A) Manufacturer and membrane type (B) Dialyzer size and membrane pore size (C) Cost and its ability to be reused (D) Durability and UFR - Answer- Which of the following are the two most important factors to consider when choosing a dialyzer? (A) manufacturer of the equipment. (B) unit's technical support group. (C) hospital's biomedical department. (D) FDA Good Manufacturing Practices Act. - Answer- The ultimate responsibility for maintaining water purity levels for water used for hemodialysis lies with the: (A) head nurse. (B) water systems supplier. (C) technician. (D) medical director. - Answer- Which of the following are some of the factors that contribute to anemia in dialysis patients? (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 - Answer- While performing blood pressure and monitor checks, the technician notices that a patient's bloodlines look like "cherry soda." The patient feels like something bad is going to happen and becomes short of breath and panicky. Which of the following should the technician suspect is happening? (A) Clotted blood lines (B) High serum potassium (C) Visual hemolysis (D) Nervous anxiety - Answer- When cannulating a graft, the staff should use: (A) 10-15 degree angle. (B) 20-30 degree angle. (C) 35-45 degree angle. (D) 46-50 degree angle. - Answer- The total pressure in the blood circuit is a result of all of the following EXCEPT the (A) rate of dialysis fluid flow. (B) blood flow rate controlled by the blood pump. (C) resistance to flow in the blood circuit. (D) diameter of the fistula needles. - Answer- A dialysis technician in the unit has contracted hepatitis B. The most probable cause would be introduction (A) of infective secretions into mucosal surfaces. (B) by a contaminated needle. (C) of infective serum through mucosal surfaces. (D) of infective serum through an open cut or scratch. - Answer- In which of the following ways can air enter the extracorporeal circuit? (A) When a single needle device is used (B) From air that has accumulated in the bloodstream (C) If the transmembrane pressure (TMP) is high causing air to accumulate in the dialysis fluid (D) From cracked connectors, vented fluid containers, and loose connections - Answer- A patient complains of feeling dizzy. The technician notes that the patient is pale and cyanotic, the blood pressure has increased, and respirations have increased in rate and depth. Which of the following does the assessment reveal? (A) Sepsis (B) Hypoxemia (C) Allergic reaction (D) Hyperglycemic reaction - Answer- Recent laboratory results have been placed in the patient's chart. The KT/V results are 1.0. Which of the following is the significance of these results? (A) The patient is adequately dialyzed. (B) The dietician should be notified to review the patient's diet. (C) The patient treatment should be reduced. (D) The treatment time needs to be extended. - Answer- Heparin is used during dialysis to (A) prevent clotting in the artificial kidney. (B) minimize intravascular clotting due to immobility. (C) reduce incidence of muscle cramps. (D) retard clotting in the limb graft. - Answer- A During the setup of a single patient machine, the conductivity has not come up to safe limits within 15 minutes. In this situation, the technician should investigate all of the following EXCEPT the (A) concentrate supply. (B) presence of air in the concentrate line. (C) actual conductivity of dialysate. (D) temperature of the incoming water. - Answer- Careful rinsing of a reused dialyzer prior to its being used for a patient is done primarily to remove (A) residual blood. (B) bacteria. (C) cellular deposits. (D) residual disinfectant solution. - Answer- A patient reports for dialysis with complaints of generally feeling poorly. Patient assessment reveals an elevated apical pulse, elevated blood pressure, scattered râles, and 2+ jugular venous distension. Which of the following complications may be anticipated during the dialysis treatment? (A) Cramping, nausea, disequilibrium syndrome (B) Angina, hypotension, headache (C) Fever, itching, anaphylaxis (D) Dyspnea, hypotension, cramping - Answer- Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a common psychological reaction for patients beginning maintenance dialysis? (A) Depression (B) Denial (C) Anxiety (D) Guilt - Answer- The system in which fresh dialysate is delivered continuously in a countercurrent flow and achieves a maximum gradient throughout dialysis, is known as a(n) (A) portable system. (B) absorbent system. (C) single pass system. (D) recirculating system. - Answer- A patient whose serum calcium and phosphorus levels are in the low-normal range is started on IV vitamin D3 therapy (Calcijex). The technician should expect the patient's (A) calcium to increase. (B) calcium to increase and the phosphorus to decrease. (C) calcium and phosphorus to increase and the PTH to decrease. (D) PTH to increase. - Answer- Using Schiff reagent, the acceptable residual formaldehyde level in a rinsed reused dialyzer is