Summary IEB Grade 12 - STUDY LIST Climate + Rivers + Settlements + Economics

Grade 12 Study Checklist
MAPWORK

Map word techniques

 Scale
 Contours
 Cross section
 Distance
 Area
 True bearing & magnetic bearing
 Magnetic declination
 Grid referencing
 Speed distance time formula

Topographic Maps

 Gradient
 Intervisibility
 Vertical exaggeration
 Contours & Landforms

Aerial & Orthophoto

 Interpretation
 Identifying features
 Comparing orthophoto to topographic
 Cross section

GIS

 Spatial & attribute data/ Vector & Raster data
 Data concepts – remote sensing and resolution
 Developing a GIS from existing maps – what layers would you use
 Data sharing & security

,CLIMATE & WEATHER

Mid latitude Cyclones (MLCs)

 General characteristics
 Where are they found
 Conditions needed for formation
 Stages of development
 Weather associated with each stage
 Reading/interpreting synoptic charts and weather maps

Tropical Cyclones

 General characteristics
 Where are they found
 Conditions needed for formation
 Stages of development
 Weather associated with each stage
 Reading/interpreting synoptic charts and weather maps
 Impact of TCs on humans and environment
 Strategies to help prepare & manage

Subtropical Anticyclones (HP)

 Location of HP cells in SA
 General characteristics
 Anticylconic air circulation & impact on SA weather
 Travelling disturbances: moisture front, line thunderstorms, coastal low pressure, cut
off low & berg winds
 Reading/interpreting synoptic charts and weather maps
Valley Climate

 Micro climate: slope aspect, relief rainfall
 Katabatic & Anabatic winds
 Inversion
 Frost pockets
 Radiation fog
 Influence on human activities – settlement, farming

Urban Climate

 Reasons for differences between rural and urban climate
 Urban heat island – cause & effects
 Pollution domes– cause & effects
 Strategies to reduce heat island effect

,GEOMORPHOLOGY

Drainage systems in SA

 NB concepts – drainage basin, catchment area, river system, watershed, tributary,
river mouth, source, confluence, water table, surface run off, ground water flow
 Types of rivers – episodic, permanent, periodic, excotic
 Drainage patterns – dentric, trellis, parallel, centripetal, deranged, radial, rectangular
 Drainage density
 Stream order & density
 Discharge of river & hydrographs
 Laminar flow & Turbulent flow

Fluvial Processes

 River profile – transverse, longitudinal and relationship to different river stages
 Fluvial landforms – oxbow, incised meander, floodplain, braided stream, levee,
waterfall, rapids, delta
 Rejuvenation – reasons, resultant features
 River capture – concepts of abstraction and river piracy, resultant features
 Superimposed & antecedent drainage patterns
Catchment & River Management

 Importance of managing drainage basins & catchment areas
 Impact of people one drainage basins & catchment areas

, RURAL & URBAN SETTLEMENT

Study of settlements

 Concept of settlement
 Site & Situation
 Rural VS Urban Settlements
 Classification - size, complexity, pattern & function

Rural

 How site and situation affect the location
 Classification according to pattern & function
 Reasons for various shapes - linear, round, T-shaped, cross road
 Land use


Rural Issues

 Rural urban migration
 Causes & consequences of RU migration on people & economy
 Social injustice - access to resources & landreform
Urban

 Origin and development
 How site and situation affect the location
 Classification according to pattern & function – CBD, trade & transport, break of bulk
points, specialised cities, junction towns, gateway towns

Urban Hierachies

 Concepts – central place theory, threshold population, sphere of influence
 Lower order & higher order functions, services & centres
Urban Structure & Patterns

 Internal structure and patterns – land use zones, urban profile
 Factors infl. shape of city
 LEDC & MEDC and SA City
 Changing urban patterns & Land use - gentrification, facadism

Urban Settlement Issues

 Recent trends and patterns – eco estates, sustainable devp, new ruralism
 Issues related to rapid urbanisation – lack of planning, housing shortage,
overcrowding, traffic
 Growth of informal settlements and associated issues