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Samenvatting van gen naar eiwit deel 1

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2022/2023 Written for academic year
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Artesis Plantijn Hogeschool Antwerpen (Artesis)
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Moleculaire genetica
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Samenvatting van 13 pagina's voor het vak moleculaire genetica aan de Artesis (1e deel genetica)

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Deel I: van gen naar eiwit




1

, 1: Erfelijk materiaal – structuur
van de erfelijkheidscode
DNA
In elke cel zit ons volledig genoom
Chromosomen en chromatine (los)
Elk gen codeert voor een EW




Chromosomen en chromatine
46 moleculen, 2nm dik
Alle 46 naast elkaar  2 m
Tussen 2 celdelingen: onontwarbaar kluwen
Kleurtechnieken voor microscopisch onderzoek chromatine
Voorbereiding tot deling: draadjes worden korter en dikker
Exacte kopie voor verdeling over 2 cellen
2 kopijen aan elkaar vast: centromeer
Zusterchromatiden of chromatiden
Rond histonen gedraaid  korter en dikker

Chromosomen komen enkel voor in de X-vorm net voor de cel gaat delen =
delingschromosomen!  op andere momenten zien ze er niet zo uit
Delingschromosomen = chromosomen met de X-vorm
Centromeer = waar de helften aan elkaar hangen
Telomeer = de uiteinden  beschermen ons DNA zodat we een x aantal delingen kunnen
ondergaan
DNA heeft een negatieve lading  iets negatief rond iets negatief draaien gaat niet goed 
daarom draaien we ze rond histonen
Positieve lading in eiwit zit in restgroep (zit dus niet in alle AZ)  hierrond kunnen we
negatieve DNA streng dan draaien
Chromatiden = de 2 helften van een chromosoom
Nucleosoom = histonen met DNA er rond gedraaid



2

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  • dna
  • gen
  • eiwit

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