Microbiology Questions with Correct Answers 2023

What is the concept of spontaneous generation? - living organisms could develop from nonliving or decomposing matter Who challenged the concept of spontaneous generation by showing that maggots on decaying meat came from flies, not from the meat itself? - Francesco Redi Who showed that mutton broth boiled in flasks and then sealed could still develop microorganisms, which supported the theory of spontaneous generation? - John Needham Who showed that flasks sealed and then boiled had no growth of microorganisms? - Lazzaro Spallanzani Who proposed that air carried germs? - Spallanzani Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation? - Louis Pasteur Who demonstrated that dust carried microbes and proved evidence for the existence of heat- resistant forms of bacteria? - John Tyndall Who showed that a silkworm disease was caused by a fungus? - Agostino Bassi Who demonstrated that the Great Potato Blight was caused by a water mold? - M. J. Berkely Who showed that the pebrine disease of silkworms was caused by a protozoan parasite? - Louis Pasteur Who developed a system of surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds? - John Lister Who transformed the practice of surgery? - John Lister Who established the relationship between Bacillus anthracis and anthrax? - Robert Koch What are the Koch Postulates? - 1.The microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy individuals 2.The suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in pure culture 3. The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host 4. The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host Limitations of Koch's Postulates - -Some organisms cannot be grown in pure culture -Using humans in completing the postulates is unethical -Molecular and genetic evidence may replace What vaccination did Edward Jenner make? - smallpox vaccination What vaccinations did Pasteur produce? - chicken cholera, rabies and anthrax Who induced formation of dipped toxin-antitoxins rabbits - Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato Who showed that the silkworm disease was caused by fungus? - Bassi Who demonstrated that the Great Potato Blight of Ireland was caused by a water mold? - M.J. Berkeley Who showed that the perbrine disease of silkworms was caused by a protozoan parasite? - Louis Pasteur A simple morphology and lack a true membrane-delimited nucleus - prokaryotes What is a morphologically complex and has a membrane-enclosed nucleus? - Eucaryotes What let to the discovery of viruses as disease causing agents? - bacterial filter that removed bacteria and larger microbes (Charles Chamberland) The five kingdom classification scheme is - the Monera or Procaryotae, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae What are ribozymes? - RNA molecules that form peptide bonds and perform cellular work and replication The three domain scheme is - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya The three domain scheme is based on? - a comparaison of ribosomal RNA The earliest cells may have been - RNA surrounded by liposomes What are the three bacterial morphology? - -bacillus (little rod) -coccus (grain or berry) -spirillum (coiled or helical) What are the types of light microscopes? - -bright-field microscope -dark-field microscope -phase-contrast microscope -fluorescence microscopes What is a measure of how greatly a substance slows the velocity of light? - Refractive index The direction and magnitude of bending light in a microscope is determined by the _____ - refractive indexes of the two media forming the interface Which microscope produces a dark image against a brighter background? - the bright-field microscope