BIOD 101 Exam 1 portage learning EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

biod 101 portage learning exam 1 What is matter? - correct answer Matter is anything that has mass and volume and takes up space. It can be in gaseous, liquid, or solid states. What is matter made up of? - correct answer Elements What is an essential element? - correct answer An element that is required for human life, and is present in large abundances. What is a trace element? - correct answer An element that is required, but only in small quantities. ionic bond - correct answe r A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. covalent bond - correct answer A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule hydrogen bond - correct answer weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom Ion - correct answer A charged atom What is the charge of a cation? - correct answer positive (t) What four organic compounds make up biomacromolecules? - correct answer Lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates What is a carbohydrate? - correct answer Commonly referred to as sugars. They are the primary fuel source for organisms and have the same three elements in their main structure: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Fructose, glucose. H to O ratio always 2:1. Polyme r - correct answer A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together. Monomer - correct answer A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers Why are lipids unique among the macromolecules? - correct answer Lipids are insoluble in water. Lipids are also not monomers; they are assembled from smaller molecules that are chemically linked together BIOD 101 PORTAGE LEARNING EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Why are lipids insoluble in water? - correct answer They are made of mostly non polar hydrocarbon chains. Wat er will only dissolve other polar bonded substances. Lipids can be dissolved in non polar solvents, like alcohol What is the structure of a phospholipid? - correct answer 2 main components: a polar head group joined to a non -polar tail group. The head is attracted to polar substances such as water. The tail is non -polar and repels water. Name the functions of proteins (7) - correct answer 1. to act as enzymes and regulate metabolic function 2. store amino acids 3. act as hormones 4. form antibodies for im munological defense 5. act as carriers for transport and also form membrane channels 6. form cell surface receptors to receive chemical messages 7. act as structural molecules for support and movement How is the shape of a protein related to its function? - correct answer Proteins can be assembled into a variety of shapes which allows them to serve a lot of functions. Some functions allow for proteins to make skin, hair, and nails, while others form enzymes to make hemoglobin Enzyme - correct answer catal ysts that speed up chemical reactions 2 main types of nucleic acids - correct answer Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) Deoxyribonucleic acid - correct answer contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for inh eritable characteristics of living organisms ribonucleic acid - correct answer responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins Structure of DNA - correct answer Chain of nucleotides; DNA is like a ladder or spiral staircase held together by hydrogen bonds. The outside is made of a sugar -phosphate backbone with alternating sugars and phosphates and the inside "steps" are the nitrogenous bases. Structure of RNA - correct answer single chain of nucleotides Nucleotide - correct answer monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5 -carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - correct answer Size, complexity, prokaryotes have non -enclosed genetic mater ial, and prokaryotes have no organelles