68W LPC Exam Questions and Answers (Graded A)

DD Form 689: Individual Sick Call Slip** - Answer- Used for a patient who requests/receives medical/dental treatment at an Army Medical Treatment Facility (MTF). A commander may choose to allow a soldier to break profile, but then they have to assume 100% risk for the soldier. chain of infetion - Answer- 1) pathogenic microorganism 2) reservoir 3) portal of exit 4) modes of transmission 5) portal of entry 6) susceptible host course of infection - Answer- 1. Incubation period 2. Prodromal stage 3. Full stage of illness 4. Convalescence stage 3 types of transmission based precautions - Answer- airborne, droplet, contact What is an antibiotic? - Answer- drug that kills bacteria examples of antihistamines - Answer- 1 Fexofenadine (Allegra) 2 Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 3 Loratadine (Claritin) 4 Certirizine (Zyrtec) What is the treatment for an anaphylactic reaction? - Answer- 1) manage airway 2) oxygen 3) epinephrine Antecubital fossa - Answer- inner elbow Anticoagulant - Answer- prevents blood clotting What are the preferred veins used for drawing blood? - Answer- 1) Median (cubital vein) 2) Cephalic vein 3) Basilic vein Parts of a needle - Answer- hub, (cannula) shaft, bevel, and lumen Parts of a syringe - Answer- plunger barrel, needle adapter, calibrated scale When are intradermal injections given? - Answer- 1) testing for exposure to diseases 2) allergy testing Upper Airways - Answer- - nasal cavity - oral cavity - pharynx - epiglottis Lower Airway - Answer- - right lung (3 lobes) - left lung (2 lobes) - larynx - trachea - bronchi and bronchioles - alveoli SF 600: Chronological Record of Medical Care** - Answer- Basis form used to document the chronological record of outpatient treatment Quarters** - Answer- Restriction and rest in the patient's place of domicile, this includes freedom to move within their living space, to and from the dining facility and/or medical facilities Bedrest - Answer- Patient is restricted to their bed, with allowance for necessary travel to the dining facility and latrine Duty** - Answer- Patient is returned to unit for full duty without any restrictions SOAP Notes - Answer- S: subjective O: objective A: assessment P: plan Microorganisms - Answer- Microscopic living cells found almost everywhere in the environment Pathogens** - Answer- Microorganisms that cause disease What environmental factors affect the growth of microorganisms? - Answer- Oxygen, Nutrients, and Temperature Algae - Answer- Resemble plant cells found on sunlit water and rarely cause human disease Fungi - Answer- Such as yeasts (which cause thrush and vaginitis) and molds (athlete's foot) Protozoa - Answer- Single celled microscopic microorganisms Bacteria - Answer- Single celled organisms without a nucleus Spores - Answer- Protect certain bacteria and become resistant to the environment and can survive extreme conditions of light, drying, and many chemicals. They are the most difficult to control and destroy Virus - Answer- Must use the host's ability to make protein and energy Chain of Infection** - Answer- Pathogenic Microorganism - Reservoir - Portal of Exit - Modes of Transmission - Portal of Entry - Susceptible Host Epidemic - Answer- A large number of people who became infected in a relatively short amount of time. Direct Contact** - Answer- The most common method of transportation!! The pathogen is transmitted by touching, sexual interocurse, kissing, skin to skin contact, contact with open wounds, etc. Droplet Spread - Answer- This refers to the distribution of a pathogen via large short range spraying such as sneezing, coughing, or talking. This is NOT considered "Airborne transmission"!** Airborne Transmission - Answer- Dust particles carrying microbes or spores blow from place to place spreading disease Vectors - Answer- Living carriers of pathogens that spread disease on their feet, wings, or bodies onto food that people eat or bite a victim (rodents, mosquitos, flies, and ticks) Vehicles - Answer- May indirectly transmit infection via food, water, biological products or inanimate objects. What is the single most useful and effective means breaking the chain of infection?** - Answer- Handwashing (10 sec-2 min) Normal Course of Infection** - Answer- 1: Incubation Period 2: Prodromal Stage 3. Full Stage of Illness 4. Convalescent Stage Host Resistance - Answer- Naturally occurring body floras have an antibiotic relationship with pathogens and contribute to an individual's health Dirty - Answer- Any object or person that has not been cleaned or sterilized for removal of microorganisms Contaminated - Answer- Object that was clean or sterile before it touched a dirty object Clean - Answer- Implies that many or most harmful microorganisms have been removed Sterile - Answer- The item is free of all microorganisms and spores Disinfectants - Answer- Destroy most pathogens but not necessarily their spores Sterilization - Answer- Destroys all microorganisms and spores by the process of exposing articles to heat or to chemical disinfectants long enough to kill all microorganisms and spores such as a pressure steam sterilizer called an autoclave Medical asepsis - Answer- Clean technique. Practice that minimizes the number of microorganisms or preventing and transmission of microorganisms from one person/source to another Surgical asepsis - Answer- Sterile technique. No organisms are carried to the patient. Microorganisms are destroyed from surfaces before they can enter the body What are the three types of transmission-Based precautions** - Answer- Airborne. Contact, Droplets Trade Name - Answer- The name a pharmaceutical company gives to a drug. Could also be referring to as the brand name Indications - Answer- The reason the medication is administered is actually guided by the condition(s) being treated Side Effects - Answer- Negative effects or actions other than the desired actions Contraindications - Answer- Situations where you wouldn't administer the medication because it may do more harm than good Drug Tolerance - Answer- A progressive decrease in effectiveness of a drug. This occurs when the patient receives the same drug for long periods of time and requires higher doses to produce the same effect Drug Interactions - Answer- One drug modifies the action of another drug. It may enhancer dimmish the action of other drugs. 6 Rights of Medication Administration - Answer- Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation Routes of Administration - Answer- internal, percutaneous, and parenteral Injection sites - Answer- Instramuscular IM Intradermal Subcutaneous SQ When is medication verified - Answer- When obtained from place of storage. When withdrawing the medication. When placing the meds back. Intradermal injections - Answer- Allergy, TB, and mumps testing. 1/4 to 1/2 needle length 25-27 gauge Sites- inner forearm, back of upper arm, on back between shoulder blades. Subcutaneous injection - Answer- Absorbs-15-30mins Duration-hours to weeks Length- 1/2 to 1 in Gauge- 23 to 25 Sites- tricep not exceed .5ml Vastus lateralis- not exceed 2ml Abdomen- usually insulin 45 degree angle Intramuscular injection IM - Answer- Absorb- 10-20mins Duration- hours to weeks Large volume of medication needed Gauge- 20 to 22 Length- depends on patient Sites- deltoid- up to 2ml Gluteus Maximus- up to 5ml Vastus lateralis- up to 5ml 90 degrees Antibiotics - Answer- Compound that inhibits or kills the growth of micro organisms such as bacteria, Protozoa, and fungi. Categories of antibiotics - Answer- Broad- effective against a wide range of microorganisms Narrow- effective against a specific type. Topical abx - Answer- Absorbs via mucous membranes, rapid. Easy to give. Safe, Oral abx - Answer- Pros: most econo