NURSING DL-F Quiz 6 2023 - Questions with Correct Answers Florida National University

NURSING DL-F Quiz 6 2023 - Questions with Correct Answers Florida National University. What is the term used to describe trials that attempt to bridge the gap between Phase III efficacy studies and Phase IV effectiveness studies? Selected Answer: C. A sequential clinical trial Answers: A. A randomized controlled trial B. A pragmatic clinical trial C. A sequential clinical trial D. An explanatory clinical trial Response Feedback : Pragmatic (or practical) clinical trials (PCTs) strive to maximize external validity (a major focus of Phase IV trials) with minimal negative effect on internal validity (a focus in Phase III trials). PCTs address practical questions about the effects of the intervention in routine clinical settings. A Phase III RCT is sometimes called an explanatory trial. A sequential clinical trial involves ongoing analysis of data to see if the trial can be stopped based on available evidence.  Question 5 5 out of 5 points Evaluation research can address many different objectives. Which type of analysis provides information about how a program being evaluated actually functions? Selected Answer: A. A process analysis Answers: A. A process analysis B. A cost analysis C. An outcome analysis D. An impact analysis Response Feedback : A process (or implementation) analysis provides in-depth descriptive information about the process by which a program gets implemented and how it actually operates. An outcome analysis examines whether the program is meeting its objectives, and an impact analysis examines program effects. A cost analysis considers the cost of operating the program, usually in relation to its benefits.  Question 6 5 out of 5 points What is the technical name for the list of all elements in a population? Selected Answer: D. A sampling frame Answers: A. A seed B. A stratum C. A sampling network D. A sampling frame Response Feedback : Researchers establish a sampling frame (a list of all elements in the population) for the purposes of random sampling. A stratum is a subdivision of a population, not a listing of elements. A seed is the point of origin in snowball sampling. The term “sampling network” is not a research term.  Question 7 5 out of 5 points A nurse researcher is studying the well-being of people with frequent nightmares. The researcher asks early study participants if they can refer friends or family members who also have frequent nightmares. What type of sampling did the researcher use? Selected Answer: A. Snowball sampling Answers: A. Snowball sampling B. Quota sampling C. Convenience sampling D. Consecutive sampling Response Feedback: In this example of snowball sampling, the researcher used early study participants as the seeds for finding others who would be eligible for the study, that is, people with frequent nightmares. This is not an example of quota, convenience, or consecutive sampling.  Question 8 5 out of 5 points The APACHE system has been used in many nursing outcomes studies. What is the APACHE system? Selected Answer: A. A global measure of client acuity, used to adjust outcomes for client risks Answers: A. A global measure of client acuity, used to adjust outcomes for client risks B. A taxonomy of nursing outcomes C. A classification system of nursing interventions D. A taxonomy of nursing diagnoses Response Feedback : Client outcomes vary in part because of differences in client conditions and comorbidities. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) system is a global measure that can be used to control for clients’ risks for poor outcomes in outcomes research. The Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) classifies nursing interventions, and the Nursing Diagnoses Taxonomy classifies diagnoses. Nursing outcomes have also been classified (NOC).  Question 9 5 out of 5 points A researcher is collecting survey data from a random sample of nursing students using gender as the stratifying variable. A disproportionate stratified sampling plan is used to ensure an adequate amount of data from male students. What procedure should the researcher use to estimate overall population values? Selected Answer: C. Weighting Answers: A. Stratificati on B. Framing C. Weighting D. Staging Response Feedback : When the strata in a stratified random sampling plan are of greatly unequal size, as in this example because there are more female than male nursing students, disproportionate sampling can be useful for making comparisons across strata. However, the estimates need to be adjusted through weighting to arrive at overall sample values. Stratification is the procedure for dividing a population into subpopulations. Staging and framing are not terms with relevance to disproportionate sampling.  Question 10 5 out of 5 points Outcomes research is a subset of which type of research? Selected Answer: A. Health services research Answers: A. Health services research B. Practical clinical trials C. Evaluation research D. Cost-effectiveness research Response Feedback : Outcomes research is a subset of health services research, which is the broad field that examines how organizational structures and processes, health technologies, and social factors affect health care cost, quality, and accessibility. Outcomes research is not a subset of evaluation research (it should not be confused with evaluative outcome analyses), practical clinical trials, or cost-effectiveness research.  Question 11 5 out of 5 points In quantitative studies, what is a key criterion for evaluating sample quality? Selected Answer: A. How representativeness it is of the population Answers: A. How representativeness it is of the population B. How convenient it is to the researchers C. How ethically sound the recruitment strategy is D. How easy it is to recruit sample members Response Feedback : A key consideration in assessing the quality of a sample in a quantitative study is its representativeness of the population; another is the size of the sample. Ease of recruitment, convenience, and ethical appropriateness are important factors in a sampling strategy, but they do not contribute to the quality of the sample itself.