Chapter 3: Theories and Therapies Varcarolis: Essentials to Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 2nd Edition – Revised Reprint MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A 26-month-old child displays negative behaviors. T he parent says, “My child refuses toilet training and shouts, ‘No!’ when given direction. Wh at do you think is wrong?” Select the nurse’s best reply. a. “This is normal for your child’s age. The child is striving for independence.” b. “The child needs firmer control. Punish the child f or disobedience and say, ‘No.’” c. “There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2 years.” d. “Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a remedial plan.” ANS: A These negative behaviors are typical of a child aro und the age of 2 years whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The inco rrect options indicate the child’s behavior is abnormal. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application (Applying) REF: Pages: 27-29 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: He alth Promotion and Maintenance 2. A 26-month-old child displays negative behavior, re fuses toilet training, and often shouts, “No!” when given directions. Using Freud’s stages o f psychosexual development, a nurse would assess the child’s behavior is based on which stage? a. Oral b. Anal c. Phallic d. Genital ANS: B In Freud’s stages of psychosexual development, the anal stage occurs from age 1 to 3 years and has, as its focus, toilet training and learning to delay immediate gratification. The oral stage occurs between birth and 1 year, the phallic stage occurs between 3 and 5 years, and the genital stage occurs between 13 and 20 years. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension (Understanding) REF: Page: 25 | Page: 27 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. A 26-month-old child displays negative behavior, re fuses toilet training, and often shouts, “No!” when given direction. The nurse’s counseling with the parent should be based on the premise that the child is engaged in which of Eriks on’s psychosocial crises? a. Trust versus Mistrust b. Initiative versus Guilt c. Industry versus Inferiority d. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt ANS: D Test Bank for Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 2nd Edition by Varcarolis
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Full download all chapters instantly please go to Solutions Manual, Test Bank site: TestBankLive.com The crisis of Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt is re lated to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exempli fied by toilet training. This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood. Trust versus Mistrust is the crisis of the infant, Initiative versus Guilt is the crisis of th e preschool and early school-aged child, and Industry versus Inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension (Understanding) REF: Pages: 27-29 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. A 4-year-old child grabs toys from siblings, saying , “I want that toy now!” The siblings cry, and the child’s parent becomes upset with the behav ior. Using the Freudian theory, a nurse can interpret the child’s behavior as a product of impulses originating in the: a. id. b. ego. c. superego. d. preconscious. ANS: A The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the c onsequences of the action, perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the pa rent’s wrath. The superego would oppose the impulsive behavior as “not nice.” The preconsci ous is a level of awareness. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application (Applying) REF: Page: 25 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 5. The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a younger sibling, being polite, and using good manners. A nurse supports th e use of praise because, according to the Freudian theory, these qualities will likely be int ernalized and become part of the child’s: a. id. b. ego. c. superego. d. preconscious. ANS: C In the Freudian theory, the superego contains the “ thou shalts” or moral standards internalized from interactions with significant others. Praise f osters internalization of desirable behaviors. The id is the center of basic instinctual drives, a nd the ego is the mediator. The ego is the problem-solving and reality-testing portion of the personality that negotiates solutions with the outside world. The preconscious is a level of a wareness from which material can be easily retrieved with conscious effort. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension (Understanding) REF: Page: 25 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: He alth Promotion and Maintenance 6. A nurse supports parental praise of a child who is behaving in a helpful way. When the individual behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which feeling will most likely result? a. Guilt b. Anxiety c. Loneliness
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Full download all chapters instantly please go to Solutions Manual, Test Bank site: TestBankLive.com The crisis of Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt is re lated to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exempli fied by toilet training. This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood. Trust versus Mistrust is the crisis of the infant, Initiative versus Guilt is the crisis of th e preschool and early school-aged child, and Industry versus Inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension (Understanding) REF: Pages: 27-29 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. A 4-year-old child grabs toys from siblings, saying , “I want that toy now!” The siblings cry, and the child’s parent becomes upset with the behav ior. Using the Freudian theory, a nurse can interpret the child’s behavior as a product of impulses originating in the: a. id. b. ego. c. superego. d. preconscious. ANS: A The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the c onsequences of the action, perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the pa rent’s wrath. The superego would oppose the impulsive behavior as “not nice.” The preconsci ous is a level of awareness. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application (Applying) REF: Page: 25 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 5. The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a younger sibling, being polite, and using good manners. A nurse supports th e use of praise because, according to the Freudian theory, these qualities will likely be int ernalized and become part of the child’s: a. id. b. ego. c. superego. d. preconscious. ANS: C In the Freudian theory, the superego contains the “ thou shalts” or moral standards internalized from interactions with significant others. Praise f osters internalization of desirable behaviors. The id is the center of basic instinctual drives, a nd the ego is the mediator. The ego is the problem-solving and reality-testing portion of the personality that negotiates solutions with the outside world. The preconscious is a level of a wareness from which material can be easily retrieved with conscious effort. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension (Understanding) REF: Page: 25 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: He alth Promotion and Maintenance 6. A nurse supports parental praise of a child who is behaving in a helpful way. When the individual behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which feeling will most likely result? a. Guilt b. Anxiety c. Loneliness
