AP Human Geography Unit 3 Vocab 100% Verified

AP Human Geography Unit 3 Vocab 100% Verified acculturation adoption of the behavioral patterns of the surrounding culture animism doctrine that everything natural has a soul artifacts ancient objects made by human beings assimilation process of adding new ideas Baha'i follower of Bahaism behaviors observable actions or responses of humans or animals beliefs ideas that people hold to be true bilingualism able to speak two languages Buddhism a religion of Buddha that teaches that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire Confucianism the teachings of Confucius that encourage love for humanity contagious diffusion rapid and widespread diffusion creole mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages cultural determinism the belief cultural that influences determine the behaviors and personalities of people cultural diffusion spread of cultural ideas from one society to another cultural ecology geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment interactions cultural geography human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space. cultural hearths place of origin of a culture cultural landscape visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape cultural relativism practice of judging a culture by its own standards cultural transmission process by which one generation passes culture to the next culture complex related set of culture traits descriptive of one aspect of a society's behavior or activity culture region area in which people have many shared culture traits culture system collection of interacting elements taken together shape a group's collective identity culture trait single element of normal practice in a culture Daoism philosophical system of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu that emphasizes a simple, honest life dialect usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people; branches off of a language diaspora a group migration of people with common roots Durkheim's sacred and profane sacred is the religious world profane is the secular world (world withoyut religion) Eastern Orthodox a branch of Christianity that derives from the Byzantine Church environmental determinism view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development ethnic religion religion with a concentrated spatial distribution ethnocentrism belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group extinct religion religion that is extinct folk culture culture usually practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups folk culture region an area where many people who live in a land space share at least some traditions or customs folk life composite culture of folk societies geographic region distinguished area of the Earth Hagerstrand, Torsten was a geographer that wrote about cultural diffusion hierarchical diffusion spread of an idea from nodes of authority or power to persons or places with less power Hinduism polytheistic religion of Hindus humanism doctrine encouraging a person's self-realization using reasoning independent invention term for a trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other Indo-European language family spoken in most of Europe and areas of European settlement and in much of southwestern and southern Asia, an example Islam monotheistic religion of Muslims isogloss boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate Judaism monotheistic religion of the Jews language vocal or written communication language families group of languages with a shared origin language sub-family group of languages with more in common than a language family lingua franca a common language such as English used by different speakers linguistic fragmentation many languages spoken by a small group of people. linguistic geography study of the geographical distribution of linguistic features Mahayana one of two schools of Buddhist doctrine encouraging the use of faith only Marxism economic and political theories of Karl Marx that say human actions and institutions are economically determined material culture physical manifestations of human activities such as buildings migrant diffusion when an innovation originates somewhere and enjoys strong-but brief-adoption, loses strength at origin by the time it reaches another area monotheistic religion religion with one god multilingualism common use of two or more languages in a society or country non-material culture human creations, such as values, that are not embodied in physical objects norms rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members official language language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of busines and publication of documents pidgin an artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages popular culture culture found in a heterogeneous society Protestants reformers who protested some practices of the catholic church regional identity an awareness of being a part of a group of people living in a culture region religion: branches, denominations, sects branches: large and general divisions denominations: small divisions that branch off of the branches sects: even smaller groups relocation diffusion spread of a feature or trend through movement of people Roman Catholics a branch of CHristianity Sauer, Carl American geographer that wrote about diffusion shamanism animistic religion of northern Asia Shiite one of the two primary branches of Islam Sikhism a monotheistic religion founded in northern India standard language form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications stimulus diffusion diffusion in which one people receives a culture element from another but gives it a new and unique form Sunni one of the two primary branches of Islam symbolic landscape smaller landscapes that symbolize a bigger area symbols motifs that stand for other things or ideas syncretism combining of beliefs Tantrayana The Buddhist yana whose path is the transformation of neurotically confused emotions into their enlightened equivalents. Theraveda Way of the Elders time-distance decay declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source. toponymy branch of naming that studies the place names of a region or a language traditional religion original religion transculturation cultural borowing that occurs when different cultures of approximately equal complexity and technological level come into close contact universalizing religion religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.