NBCE Physiotherapy PT Exam Questions and Answers

NBCE Physiotherapy PT Exam Questions and Answers phases of healing - ANSWER - inflammation - repair - remodeling what is the purpose of inflammation - ANSWER - immobilize the area - defend against intruders - remove damaged tissue and debris signs of inflammation - ANSWER celsus - heat - redness - pain - swelling virchow - loss of function what characterizes inflammation - ANSWER - vasodilation - increased capillary permeability - phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages - growth of new capillaries inflammatory chemicals that cause pain - ANSWER - bradykinin - prostaglandins - serotonin type of secondary injury caused by lysosomal enzy mes and healthy tissue is damaged - ANSWER secondary enzymatic injury type of secondary injury caused by hemorrhage, clotting, edema, spasms, hematoma - ANSWER secondary hypoxic injury what does hemorrhage, clotting, edema, spasms and hematom a lead to in secondary injury - ANSWER decreased oxygen and nutrients to the area (secondary hypoxic injury) goal of inflammation phase - ANSWER preserve ROM what can be done to limit extent of inflammation - ANSWER PRICE - protect - rest - ice - compress - elevate timing of acute phase of ankle sprains - ANSWER grade 1 - 1-3 days grade 2 - 2-4 days grade 3 - 3-7 days goals in acute phase of ankle sprains - ANSWER - decrease swelling - decrease pain - protect from reinjury - maintain appropriate weight bearing angiogenesis takes place in which phase of healing - ANSWER repair phase proliferation phase - ANSWER repair phase mechanoreceptors - ANSWER - meissner's - pacinian - merkl e - ruffini mechanoreceptors for pressure and touch - ANSWER meissner's mechanoreceptors for skin stretch/pressure - ANSWER merkle proprioceptors - ANSWER - golgi tendon organs - pacinian - ruffini proprioceptor for change in muscle length and spindle tension - ANSWER golgi tendon organ proprioceptor for change in joint position - ANSWER pacinian proprioceptor for vibration - ANSWER pacinian proprioceptor for joint end range - ANSWER ruffini timing for repair phase for ankle sprain - ANSWER grade 1 - 2-4 days grade 2 - 3-5 days grade 3 - 4-8 days goals for repair phase of ankle sprain - ANSWER - decrease swelling - decrease pain - increase pain free ROM - begin strengthening - begin non -weight bearing proprioceptive training - provide protective support as needed therapeutic exercises during repair phase include - ANSWER - active ROM - strength exercises - proprioceptive training - stretching modalities used to decrease pai n and swelling in repair phase of ankle sprain - ANSWER - IFC, PreMod, Hi -Volt - ice, contrast bath - massage, gentle - soft orthotics maturation phase of healing - ANSWER remodeling phase can lead to joint adhesion and loss of motion - ANSWE R scar contraction characteristics of remodeling phase of healing - ANSWER - scar contraction - decrease blood vessels - type III collagen replaced by type I - collagen aligns along stress lines - cross linking continues timing of remodeling phase of ankle sprain - ANSWER grade 1 - 1 week grade 2 - 2 weeks grade 3 - 3 weeks goals for remodeling phase of healing - ANSWER - increase pain free ROM - progress proprioceptive training - regain full strength - normal biomechanics - protect and strengthen any residual joint instability therapeutic exercises for remodeling phase of healing - ANSWER - stretching - strengthening