MGMT 335 EXAM 2 NIU question and answer 2023 graded A+

MGMT 335 EXAM 2 NIU question and answer 2023 graded A+• What is motivation? - correct answer A psychological process that causes direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed • What affects motivation? - correct answer o Individual differences 1. Personality/disposition 2. Cognitions: attitudes, values, beliefs o The situation 1. Nature of work 2. Working conditions 3. Interpersonal/group influences o Organizational context 1. Resources, systems, rewards o How are motivation and performance the same or different? (4,5) - correct answer 1. Performance = F (Motivation x Ability x Environment) 2. Poor performance does not equal lack of motivation 3. Effective managers need to diagnose causes of performance problems a) Lack of ability (A) b) Contextual factors (E) c) Motivational direction (M) Types of motivation theories - correct answer • Need Theories o Need for achievement, power, and affiliation • Cognitive Theories o Self-efficacy; Expectation Theory o Equity Theory/Justice • Behavioral Theories o Reinforcement/Operant Conditioning • Job Design • Social Influence • What are the three main components of Vroom's Expectancy Theory and how do they work to influence motivation? - correct answer o 1. Expectancy - Will I succeed at the task? 1. Ability, resources, environment 2. Self-efficacy 3. Mood o 2. Instrumentality - Will I be rewarded for succeeding? 1. Company policies, past experiences 2. Locus of control 3. Information o 3. Valence - Do I want the reward? 1. Needs o Motivational Force - F = V x I x E 1. E = 0-1; I = 0-1; V = -1-1 o People pursue performance that maximizes best interests o No motivation if E, I, or V is zero o Motivation increases as you add desired outcomes linked to performance o Implications of VIE 1. Define expectations 2. Make outcomes valuable 3. Make work doable 4. Provide feedback 5. Reinforce employees who meet expectations • What is self-efficacy and how does it impact motivation